Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is one of the most transformative technological processes to emerge in recent decades. Its layer-by-layer construction method can create objects to remarkably precise specifications with minimal waste or energy consumption. Bioprinting, a related process that employs cells and biomaterials instead of man-made substances or industrial materials, has a range of biomedical and chemical uses that make it an exciting and fast-growing area of research.
3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry offers a cutting-edge overview of this topic, its recent advances, and its future applications. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to a flourishing research field, this book exceeds all existing treatments of the subject in its scope and comprehensiveness. Moving from fundamental principles of the technology to its immense future potential, this is a must-own volume for scientists looking to incorporate this process into their research or product development.
3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry readers will also find: - Treatment of printing parameters, surface topography requirements, and much more - Detailed discussion of topics including 5D printing in the medical field, dynamic tuning, the multi-material extrusion approach, and many others - A complete account of the bioprinting process, from lab requirements to commercialization
3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry is ideal for researchers - graduate and post-doctoral scholars - in the areas of materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology, and biochemistry.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xv
Foreword xxi
Ajoy Kumar Ray
1 Introduction of 3D Printing and Different Bioprinting Methods 1
Asmita Biswas, Baisakhee Saha, Hema Bora, Pravin Vasudeo Vaidya, Krishna Dixit, and Santanu Dhara
1.1 Introduction of 3D Printing: Principles and Utility 1
1.2 Ink Preparation and Printability 2
1.3 Methods of Bioprinting in Fabrication and Tissue Engineering 5
1.4 Scaffold Modeling and G Coding 16
1.5 Applications and Utility in Large- Scale Manufacturing 18
1.6 Complications and Troubleshooting 25
References 27
2 Cellular Requirements and Preparation for Bioprinting 39
Shalini Dasgupta, Vriti Sharma, and Ananya Barui
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Types of Bioprinting 40
2.3 Features Required for Bioprinting with Cells 44
2.4 Bioprinting Methodologies for Cell Expansion and Proliferation 55
2.5 The Impact of Bioprinting Process Conditions on Phenotype Alterations 57
2.6 Discussion 68
2.7 Conclusion 69
2.8 Future Prospects 69
References 70
3 3D Bioprinting: Materials for Bioprinting Bioinks Selection 85
Mona Moaness and Mostafa Mabrouk
3.1 Introduction 85
3.2 Bioprinting Materials 87
3.3 Bioinks Selectivity Guide 90
3.4 Classification of Bioprinting Materials 94
3.5 3D Bioprinting Methods According to the Type of the Bioinks 100
3.6 Bioinks Selection According to Biomedical Application 102
3.7 Multicomponent Bioinks 106
3.8 Future Prospects 107
References 107
4 Printed Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering 119
Thara Tom, Samanta Sam, Josmin P. Jose, M.S. Sreekala, and Sabu Thomas
4.1 Introduction 119
4.2 Biomedical Application of 3D Printing 120
4.3 Tissue Engineering: Emerging Applications by 3D Printing 128
4.4 Conclusions 136
References 136
5 Printability and Shape Fidelity in Different Bioprinting Process 143
Prajisha Prabhakar, Aiswarya Sathian, and Sabu Thomas
5.1 Introduction 143
5.2 Fundamentals of Printability 144
5.3 Bioprinting Techniques and Printability 146
5.4 Shape Fidelity 152
5.5 Case Studies and Applications 161
5.6 Conclusion 163
References 163
6 Advancements in Bioprinting for Medical Applications 169
Kevin Y. Wu, Maxine Joly- Chevrier, Laura K. Gorwill, Michael Marchand, and Simon D. Tran
6.1 Introduction 169
6.2 Bioprinting for Drug Development and Testing 170
6.3 Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine, and Organ Transplantation 183
6.4 Bioprinting in Tissue: Challenges, Barriers to Clinical Translation, and Future Directions 215
6.5 Conclusions 218
Acknowledgments 218
References 219
7 4D-Printed, Smart, Multiresponsive Structures and Their Applications 231
Jinku Kim, D.A. Gouripriya, and Prosenjit Saha
7.1 Introduction 231
7.2 4D- Printing Technologies 232
7.3 Biomaterials for 4D Bioprinting 234
7.4 Biomedical Applications for 4D Bioprinting 239
7.5 Future Perspectives 244
References 246
8 Toxicity Aspects and Ethical Issues of Bioprinting 251
Noura Al Hashimi and Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman
8.1 Introduction 251
8.2 Toxicity Issues in Bioprinting 253
8.3 Ethical Issues in Bioprinting 255
8.4 Issues in Clinical Trials 259
8.5 Legal Issues in Bioprinting 262
8.6 Conclusion 265
References 266
9 Planning Bioprinting Project 273
Anish Deb, Prosenjit Saha, and Debashis Sarkar
9.1 Introduction 273
9.2 Background: Image Capturing and Solid Model Preparation of Virtual Anatomical Model for 3D Printing 275
9.3 Conclusion 296
References 297
10 Computational Engineering for 3D Bioprinting: Models, Methods, and Emerging Technologies 301
Vidyapati Kumar, Ankita Mistri, Varnit Jain, and Manojit Ghosh
10.1 Introduction 301
10.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Methods in Bioprinting 306
10.3 Application of Machine Learning for 3D Bioprinting 312
10.4 Summary 315
References 317
11 Controlling Factors of Bioprinting 323
Mridula Sreedharan, D.A. Gouripriya, Ankita Deb, Yves Grohens, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Prosenjit Saha, and Sabu Thomas
11.1 Introduction 323
11.2 Factors Influencing the Printability of Hydrogel Bioink 324
11.3 Bioink Formulation 327
11.4 Influence of Printing Process on Cell Behavior 328
11.5 Importance of Patterning and Surface Topography 330
11.6 Contact Guidance and Directional Growth of Cells 337
11.7 Cell Viability and Mitigation Process 339
11.8 Possible Mitigation Techniques 342
11.9 Conclusion 342
References 343
12 In Situ Bioprinting 347
Mina Mina, Kevin Y. Wu, Ananda Kalevar, and Simon D. Tran
12.1 Introduction 347
12.2 Advantages of In Situ Bioprinting 348
12.3 In Situ Bioprinting Technologies 351
12.4 Bioinks and Biomaterials for In Situ Bioprinting 362
12.5 In Situ Approaches for Tissue Regeneration 364
12.6 Future Directions 379
12.7 Conclusion 381
Acknowledgments 382
References 382
13 Importance of Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting 391
Shohreh Vanaei, Saeedeh Vanaei, Michèle Kanhonou, Sofiane Khelladi, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, and Hamid Reza Vanaei
13.1 Introduction 391
13.2 3D Bioprinting 392
13.3 Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting 399
13.4 Challenges in 3D Bioprinting Process Using ML 404
13.5 Future Outlook 405
13.6 Summary and Conclusion 406
References 407
14 Advanced Bioprinting for the Future 411
D.A. Gouripriya, Soumyadeep Bera, Jaideep Adhikari, Poonam Debnath, Prosenjit Saha, and Sabu Thomas
14.1 Introduction 411
14.2 Electrospinning and Bioprinting 412
14.3 4D Printing 413
14.4 5D and 6D Printing 418
14.5 Organ Printing 421
14.6 Vascularized Organ on a Chip 424
14.7 Multimaterial Bioprinting 426
14.8 Printing in Microgravity 429
14.9 In Vivo Bioprinting 430
14.10 Biohybrid Robots 432
14.11 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 434
References 435
15 Nanomaterials for Designing Functional Properties of Bioinks 441
Laila Hussein, Mostafa Mabrouk, Mohamed G. Farahat, and Hanan H. Beherei
15.1 3D- Bioprinting 441
15.2 Designing Functional Bioinks Using Nanoscale Biomaterials 443
15.3 Synthesis and Tailoring the Properties of Nanobioinks 456
15.4 Nanobioinks and Tissue Engineering 460
15.5 Future Outlook 462
References 463
16 3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry 475
Saeedeh Vanaei, Shohreh Vanaei, Michèle Kanhonou, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, and Hamid Reza Vanaei
16.1 Introduction 475
16.2 3D Bioprinting and Its Historical Point of View 477
16.3 Potential of 3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry 478
16.4 The Diversity of 3D Bioprinting 479
16.5 3D Bioprinting and Human Hearts 486
16.6 3D Bioprinting and Microfluidic Organ- on- a-Chip Models 488
16.7 Future Developments 490
References 490
Index 493
