Handbook of Robotic Surgery serves as a primer covering the main areas of knowledge in robotic surgery. This comprehensive book provides essential information on all aspects related to robotic surgery, from the present up to the future. The discussion presented in sections ranges from the historical background of robotic surgery up to more recent and future technological innovations such as remote controls, surgically distant collaboration, simulators, modern surgical robotics, fluorescence-guided surgery, and virtual reality. The book also contains sections dedicated to the safety conditions in surgery and patient protection, which will be suitable for surgeons, health professionals, biomedical engineering professionals, healthcare administrators, and students. There are specific chapters for all areas in which robotic surgery has been used in daily clinical practice or is under development.
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Table of Contents
V�deosSt�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr. and Hongliang Ren
Acknowledgements
St�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr. and Hongliang Ren
Preface
St�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr. and Hongliang Ren
Foreword 1
Michael Jewett
Foreword 2
Ashutosh Tewari
Part I: Introduction, technology basics, evolution and next frontiers of surgical robots
1. Introduction
St�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr. and Hongliang Ren
2. History of Robotic Surgery: Trends in Autonomy Levels and Enabling Technologies
Hongliang Ren and St�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr.
3. Needle inserts into soft tissue: basic technical aspects
Mingyue Lu, Ren Hongliang and Chwee Ming Lim
4. Kinematics concepts: state of the art
Jiewen Lai, Bo Lu and Hongliang Ren
5. Robotic manipulators
Zhang Tao and Hongliang Ren
6. Haptics and surgical feedbacks
Wenchao Yue, Lailu Li and Hongliang Ren
7. Robust Magnetic Tracking and Navigation in Robotic Surgery
Su Shijian and Hongliang Ren
8. 3D Reconstruction of Deformable Tissues in Robotic Surgery
Long Bai, Hongliang Ren, Mengya Xu, Beilei Cui, An Wang and Tiebing Tang
9. Deep Reinforcement Learning in Surgical Robotics: Enhancing the Automation Level
Cheng Qian and Hongliang Ren
10. Ultrasound Guidance and Robotic Procedures: Actual and Future Intelligence
Lei Zhao, Long Bai and Ren Hongliang
11. Staplers in robotic surgery
Jefferson Luiz Gross and Jo�o Paulo de Oliveira Medici
12. Actual competitive and new models of surgical robots
Daniel Coser Gomes
13. Enabling intelligent procedures: endoscopy dataset collection trends and pipeline
Yang Yang
14. Pathway of robotic learning to perform autonomous sewing
Yunkai Lv, Hongliang Ren, Zhang Hao and Yan Huaicheng
15. Telesurgery applications, current status, and future perspectives in technologies and ethics.
Thiago Camelo Mour�o, Marcio Covas Moschovas, Vipul Patel, Shady Saikali, Evan Patel and Mischa Dohler
16. Robotic applications of Image guided therapies
Tian Yu
17. Artificial Intelligence to Understand Robotic Surgery Scenes
Lalithkumar Seenivasan
18. Robotic for guided biopsy and ablative therapies
Taimur Shah and Mohammud Shakeel Inder
19. The formation and the training of robotic surgeons
Pier Avolio, Giovanni Lughezzani, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, Nicol� Maria Buffi, Paolo Casale, Maurice Anidjar, Simon Tanguay, Wassim Kassouf and Armen Aprikian
20. Surgical training with simulators for robotic surgery
Gonzalo Vitagliano and Maximiliano Ringa
Part II: Education, safety, ethical and administrative aspects for a successful robotic program
21. Proctoring and teleproctoring in robotic surgery
Alexis Sanchez and Omaira Rodriguez
22. Mentoring Leadership and conduction of a robotic surgery team
Jose Gadu Campos Salcedo and Erick Alejandro Hern�ndez M�ndez
23. Considerations for anesthesiology in robotic assisted surgeries
Ashraf Habib and Hon Sen Tan
24. Perioperative nursing care and patient positioning in robotic surgery
Gisele Maia J�nger, Camila Mendon�a de Moraes and La�s Gon�alves Tolentino
25. Human operator factors affecting robotic surgery
Camila De Souza Hagui, Luiz Ant�nio Mondadori and Eduardo Henrique Giroud Joaquim
26. Organizational level functions aiming the patient safety
Aline Yuri Chibana
27. Cleaning and sterilization of surgical robotic Instruments
Vanessa de Brito Poveda, Juliana Rizzo Gnatta and Giovana Abrah�o de Ara�jo Moriya
28. How the scrub nurses must prepare the robotic surgical instruments?
Desrene M. Gibson and Alexis Sanchez
29. Single port robotic surgery: concept, actual application and future limits: medical applications
Jihad Kaouk, Nicolas A. Soputro and Jaya Sai Susruth Chavali
30. Complications of robotic surgery (related to patient positioning, or robot malfunctioning): causes and solutions
Camilo Andr�s Giedelman Cuevas Sr., Rene Sotelo, Rafael Clavijo, Andres Barrios and Margarita Hidalgo Hidalgo
31. Troubleshooting in robotic surgery and complications prevention
Rene Sotelo, Aref Sayegh, Omaira Rodriguez, Jaime Poncel and Valeria Celis
32. Identifying patients related factors for surgical complications
Antonio Caycedo, Joshua Karas, Andrew Kerner, Leanne M. Iorio and Romina Bianchi
33. Robotic surgery after previous abdominal surgeries
Paulo Roberto Stevanato Stevanato Filho
34. Basics of economic analysis of robotic surgery in its third decade
Gustavo Cardoso Guimaraes
35. The role of a clinical engineer in a robotic program: conceptualization, devices choice, hospital facilities preparation, technical assistance
Lucio Flavio de Magalhaes Brito
36. Certification and credentialing for robotic surgery in middle income countries
Heber Salvador de Castro Ribeiro and Alex Barbosa
37. Robotic surgery advantages and disadvantages
Diego Abreu, Fernando Korkes and Alexandre Hidaka
38. The Nursing Role in Ethics, Safety, privacy and legal aspects of robotic surgery
Rita de C�ssia Burgos de Oliveira, Yasmin Russo de Toledo Sr. and Cecilia da Silva Angelo
Part III: The current and future clinical applications of robotic surgery among medical specialties
39. Urology robotic surgery for kidney and upper tract
Steve Lee Chang, Jos� Ignacio Nolazco and Leonardo Oliveira Reis
40. Urology robotic prostate surgery
Ashutosh Tewari, Adriana Pedraza, Manish Kumar Choudhary, Asher Mandel and Vinayak Wagaskar
41. Urology robotic bladder surgery
Walter Henriques da Costa, Mauricio Murce Rocha and Rafael Zanotti
42. Urology robotic urinary diversion
Bruno Nahar, Archan Khandekar, Ankur Malpani and Tarek Ajami
43. Urology pelvic lymphadenectomy
St�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr., Rafael Zanotti and Rodrigo Sousa Madeira Campos
44. Urology robotic retroperitoneal surgery
St�nio de C�ssio Zequi Sr. and Rafael Zanotti
45. Urology robotic inguinal lymphadenectomy
Marcos Tobias Machado, IDVALDO SALAZAR MARTINS MESSIAS Sr., Rene Sotelo and Luis Guillermo Medina Navarro
46. Urology: Female Robotic Reconstructive Surgery
Howard Brian Goldman and Paul J. Oh
47. Robotics in Kidney Stone Treatment
Cian L. Jacob, Lucas B. Vergamini, Wilson R. Molina and Bristol B. Whiles
48. Head and neck and transoral robotic surgery
Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Renan Bezerra Lira and Jos� Guilhereme Vartanian
49. Robotic Neck lymph node dissections
Luiz Paulo Kowalski and Jos� Guilhereme Vartanian
50. Otolaryngology: sleep apnea and benign diseases robotic surgery
Song Tar Toh, Wei Li Neo and Chwee Ming Lim
51. Robotic Cardiac Surgery
Burak Ersoy and Burak Onan
52. Thoracic robotic surgery
Elliot Servais, Ammara Watkins and Jennifer M. Pan
53. Esophagus/foregut and pancreatic robotic surgery
FELIPE JOSE FERNANDEZ COIMBRA, REBECA NAHIME, SILVIO TORRES and Igor Farias
54. Bariatric robotic surgery
Shinil K. Shah, Erik Wilson, Francisco Guerra and Melissa Felinski
55. Liver and biliary tract robotic surgery
Iswanto Sucandy, Trenton Lippert, Alexander S. Rosemurgy II and Sharona Ross
56. Lato sensu graduate program in robotic surgery for developing countries
Arie Carneiro, Saulo Borborema Teles and Bianca Bianco
57. General abdominal robotic surgery. Indications and contraindications
Flavio Daniel Saavedra Tomasich, Luiz Carlos Von Bahten, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Paulo Roberto Corsi and Sergio Roll
58. Hernias and Abdominal Wall Robotic Surgery
Eduardo Parra-Davila, Carlos Hartman and Abraham Betancourt
59. Colorectal Robotic Surgery
Samuel Aguiar Jr. and Tomas Mansur Miranda Marques
60. Gynecologic robotic surgery
Mario M. Leitao Jr. and Glauco Baiocchi
61. Endometriosis and robotic surgery
Renato Moretti-Marques, Mariana Rossette, Gil Kamergorodsky, S�rgio Podgaec and Vanessa Alvarenga-Bezerra
62. Breast robotic surgery
Antonio Toesca, Marina Sonagli, Giada Pozzi, Guglielmo Gazzetta and Fabiana Makdissi
63. Pediatric robotic surgery for benign diseases
Yoshiyuki Kojima, Kentaro Mizuno, Yutaro Hayashi, Hidenori Nishio, Junya Hata and Yuichi Sato
64. Pediatric robotic surgery for malignancies
Daniel Goncalves DaJusta and Molly Elizabeth Fuchs
65. Urology Robotic Kidney Transplantation
Rodrigo Martinez de Mello Vianna
66. Abdominal organs robotic organs transplantation (except kidney)
Giovanni Battista Levi Sandri
67. Orthopaedic Joint and Hip Robotic Surgery
Pedro Debieux, Camila Cohen Kaleka and Carlos Leonardo Malta Braga
68. Spinal Robotic Surgery
Ricardo Fontes
69. Cranial Robotic neurosurgery
Sepehr Sani and Ryan Kelly
70. Robotic Microsurgery
Jefferson Braga Silva, Leandro Totti Cavazzola and Catarina Busnello
71. Robotic Plastic Surgery
MARCO Aurelio Moura de FARIA CORREA and Savitha Ramachandran
72. Robotic Ophthalmologic Surgery
Vagner Loduca Lima
73. Certification and Credentialing for Robotic Surgery, A Developed Country Scenario: United States
Chandru P. Sundaram and Courtney Yong
74. Fluorescence in Robotic Surgery
Bruno Zilberstein, Miguel Prestes Nacul, Raphael Araujo, Rubens Sallum, Samuel Aguiar Jr. and Flavio Daniel Saavedra Tomasich
75. Robotic Endoscopy
Everson Artifon and Marcio Junior
76. Energy sources and Vessel Sealers in Robotic Surgery
Luiz Carlos Von Bahten, Leonardo Emilio da Silva and Flavio Daniel Saavedra Tomasich
77. Robotic Vascular Surgery
Guilherme Yazbek Sr., Nelson Wolosker and Andressa C. S. Louzada
Authors
St�nio de C�ssio Zequi A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S�o Paulo Brazil; Federal University of S�o Paulo; Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM-UNIFESP), S�o Paulo, Brazil; and University of S�o Paulo, Ribeir�o Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP).. St�nio de C�ssio Zequi is chairman of the Urologic Department and the Referral Center for Urological Tumors, and coordinator of theRobotic Surgery Program at Center at A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, in S�o Paulo, Brazil.
He has experience in Urological Surgery and Urology Oncology, Robotics, and HIFU, and is interested in research into prognostic factors
and epidemiological factors in urologic cancer. Dr. Zequi is an editorial board member of leading scientific journals and associations such as
the KCA Journal (Kidney Cancer Journal), and is an Associate Editor of the International Brazilian Journal of Urology. He is a member of the
AUA-American Urological Association, SIU- Soci�t� Internationale D' Urologie, and the Brazilian Society of Urology. He is a peer reviewer
of international medical journals and a member of the American Urological Association (AUA), Endourological Society, and Director of the
Brazilian Society of Urology, as well as an author of scientific publications and book chapters or editions. Zequi is an associate professor of
surgery-urology at the Medicine School of Ribeir�o Preto, University of S�o Paulo, Ribeir�o Preto, and is a tutor at the Graduate Schools of
Antonio Prudente Foundation (A.C.Camargo Cancer Center) and at Escola Paulista de Medicina-Division of Urology, Department of Surgery,
Federal University of S�o Paulo. Hongliang Ren Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore. Hongliang Ren is an associate professor at the Electronic Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong and adjunct associate professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore. He served as an associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Automation Science & Engineering (T-ASE) and Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (MBEC). He has navigated his academic journey through the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Johns Hopkins University, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Children's National Medical Center, United States, and the National University of Singapore. He is currently Associate Professor, Department of Electronic Engineering at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering at the National University of Singapore. His areas of interest include biorobotics, intelligent control, medical mechatronics, soft continuum robots, soft sensors, and multisensory learning in medical robotics.
