The book provides a comprehensive overview of various electrocatalytic materials and their applications in renewable energy thereby promoting a sustainable and clean energy future for all.
As an important branch of catalysts, electrocatalytic materials exhibit important catalytic reactions that can convert and store energy through reactions involving electron transfer. However, the study of electrocatalytic materials presents a huge challenge due to the highly complicated reaction network, the variety of reaction selectivity, and the puzzling reaction mechanisms. Tremendous research efforts have been made toward the fabrication of efficient electrocatalytic materials that can be used in the energy sectors.
The book covers a wide range of topics, including the synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of electrocatalytic materials for different renewable energy applications. Furthermore, the book discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the development and utilization of electrocatalytic materials for renewable energy. The future utility of different electrocatalytic materials is also well-defined in the context of the renewable energy approach.
The contributors to this book are leading experts in the field of electrocatalytic materials for renewable energy, including scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and national laboratories. Their collective expertise and knowledge provide valuable insights into the latest advances in electrocatalysis for renewable energy applications.
Audience
This book is intended for researchers and professionals in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering who are interested in the development and utilization of electrocatalytic materials for renewable energy.
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
1 An Introduction to the Exploration of the Electronic Structure Properties of Biologically Active Natural Compounds Using Quantum Chemical Methods 1
Ashok Kumar Mishra, Satya Prakash Tewari and Aniket Kumar
1.1 Natural Compounds: Past, Present, and Future 1
1.2 Theoretical Framework for Quantum Chemical Calculations 4
1.3 Theoretical Framework for Biological Activity 21
1.4 Future Scope 23
2 Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Fe3O4/ZnO Nanosphere Composites and Their Potential Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 27
Y. Prapawasit, P. Hemnil, V. Karthikeyan, T. Wongwuttanasatian, Müslüm Arici and V. Seithtanabutara
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Materials and Methods 30
2.3 Results and Discussion 32
2.4 Conclusion 44
3 Study and Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid-Based Heat Pipes for Renewable Energy Applications 49
Ramkumar Venkatasamy, Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj, Nadanakumar Vinayagam, Chatchai Sirisamphanwong, Karthikeyan Velmurugan, Rattaporn Ngoenmeesri and Chattariya Sirisamphanwong
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Materials and Methods 53
3.3 Methodology and Experimental Analysis 54
3.4 Results and Discussion 56
3.5 Conclusion 66
4 Nanosilver-Based Electrocatalytic Materials 71
Ahmed Mourtada Elseman and Sabah M. Abdelbasir
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Synthesis Methodologies of Silver-Based Nanomaterials 73
4.3 Electrocatalysis 82
4.4 Conclusions 97
5 Noble Metal-Based Nanocatalysts Dispersed on Functionalized and Alternative Supports for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 111
F.J. Rodríguez-Varela, I.L. Alonso-Lemus, J.C. Martínez-Loyola, A. Torres-Núñez, R. Chávez-Alcázar, P.C. Meléndez-González and M.E. Sánchez-Castro
5.1 Introduction 112
5.2 Electrochemical Reactions in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 114
5.3 Covalently Functionalized Supports for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 117
5.4 Alternative Carbon Supports for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 123
5.5 Comparison of the Performance of Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer Reactions 133
6 Metal Oxide-Based Electrocatalytic Materials for Hydrogen Evolution and Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction 151
Amit Mall, Akshaya K. Palai, Pratap Chandra Padhi, Sudheesh K. Shukla, Rashmiprava Sahoo, Trupti R. Das, Santanu Patra and Deepak Kumar
6.1 Introduction 152
6.2 Electrochemical Method 154
6.3 Electrocatalysis 154
6.4 Metal Oxide-Based Catalyst 157
7 Metal--Organic Framework-Based Electrocatalytic Materials 165
Athira Krishnan, Rijith S., Sumi V. S. and Bhagya T. C.
7.1 Introduction 166
7.2 Mechanism of Conduction in MOFs 167
7.3 Types of Conductive MOFs 172
7.4 Conductive MOFs in Various Electrocatalytic Applications 174
7.5 Challenges and Forthcoming Outlook 181
7.6 Conclusion 183
8 Carbonaceous Materials for Supercapattery 195
J.R. Low, H.N. Lim, I. Ibrahim, C. Y. Foo and Z. Zainal
8.1 Introduction 196
8.2 Mechanism and the Fundamental of Supercapattery 197
8.3 Utilization of Carbonaceous Materials in Supercapattery Application 200
8.4 Conclusion and Outlook 214
9 Graphene-Based Electrocatalytic Materials Toward Electrochemical Water Splitting 229
Prasanta Pattanayak, Paulomi Singh, Nitin Kumar Bansal, Snehangshu Mishra and Trilok Singh
9.1 Introduction 230
9.2 Electrochemical Water Splitting: Principles and Mechanism 233
9.3 Synthesis Methods of Graphene 237
9.4 Graphene as Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting 243
9.5 Graphene in Combination with Other Nanostructures 254
9.6 Conclusion 258
10 Graphene Electrocatalysts: New Insights Into the Current State of Water Splitting 271
R. Rajalakshmi, A. Rebekah and N. Ponpandian
10.1 Introduction 272
10.2 Overview of Electrochemical Water Splitting 273
10.3 Electrocatalyst Selection Criteria for Electrochemical Water Splitting 279
10.4 Significance of Graphene as an Electrocatalyst 280
10.5 Graphene-Based HER Electrocatalyst 280
10.6 Graphene-Based OER Electrocatalyst 285
10.7 Graphene-Based Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting 290
10.8 Graphene in Combination with Other Nanostructures for Overall Water Splitting 293
10.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 295
11 Environmental Electrocatalysis for Air Pollution Applications 303
Anupama M. Pillai and Tanvir Arfin
11.1 General Introduction 304
11.2 Introduction of Air Pollution 304
11.3 Global Scenario of Air Pollution 305
11.4 Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOPs) 308
11.5 Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) 311
11.6 Methoxychlor (MXC) 314
11.7 Dioxin and Furan 317
11.8 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 320
11.9 Future Research Direction 321
11.10 Conclusions and Prospects 322
12 Extraction and Purification of Cellulase Enzyme for Bioethanol Production and Its Usefulness as a Sustainable Biofuel 333
Ayush Madan, Rakhi Dhiman, Rishabh Garg, Narotam Sharma and Syed Mohsin Waheed
12.1 Introduction 334
12.2 Ethanol as Fuel 337
12.3 Materials and Methods 339
12.4 Results 342
12.5 Discussion 347
12.6 Conclusion and Future Scope 348
13 A Sustainable Catalytic Approach for Wastewater Bodies: An Innovation and Technological Point of View 353
Anupama Rajput, Sudheesh K. Shukla, Ravi Kumar, Gaurav Jha, Vikas Kalia and Bindu Mangla
13.1 Introduction 354
13.2 Microbial Processes 359
13.3 Factors Affecting the Rates of Bioremediation 359
13.4 Bioremediation Treatment Processes 361
13.5 Bioremediation 367
13.6 Conclusion 369
14 Electrocatalytic Materials for Renewable Energy: Perspectives and Initiatives 377
Trupti R. Das, Rashmiprava Sahoo, Meenakshi Choudhary, Santanu Patra and Sudheesh K. Shukla
14.1 What is the Importance of Renewable Energy in the Current Context? 378
14.2 Renewable Energy Perspective: Connecting Net-Zero and Climate Neutrality Agendas 379
14.3 Efforts of the United Nations to Promote Renewable Energy 380
14.4 Goals for Promoting Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development Agenda 381
14.5 European Green Deal for the Promotion of Renewable Energy 382
14.6 Initiatives from Different Nations to Support Renewable Energy 384
14.7 Electrocatalytic Materials: Properties and Classification Toward Renewable Energy 386
14.8 Electrocatalytic Materials: Various Applications in Renewable Energy 388
14.9 Electrocatalytic Materials: Importance in Climate Neutral Renewable Energy 390
14.10 Conclusion 391
References 391
Index 397
