The Global Market for Advanced Li-ion and Beyond Lithium Batteries 2025-2035

1.1 Report scope
1.2 Research methodology

2.1 The global market for advanced Li-ion batteries
2.1.1 Electric vehicles
2.1.1.1 Market overview
2.1.1.2 Battery Electric Vehicles
2.1.1.3 Electric buses, vans and trucks
2.1.1.3.1 Electric medium and heavy duty trucks
2.1.1.3.2 Electric light commercial vehicles (LCVs)
2.1.1.3.3 Electric buses
2.1.1.3.4 Micro EVs
2.1.1.4 Electric off-road
2.1.1.4.1 Construction vehicles
2.1.1.4.2 Electric trains
2.1.1.4.3 Electric boats
2.1.1.5 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.2 Grid storage
2.1.2.1 Market overview
2.1.2.2 Technologies
2.1.2.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.3 Consumer electronics
2.1.3.1 Market overview
2.1.3.2 Technologies
2.1.3.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.4 Stationary batteries
2.1.4.1 Market overview
2.1.4.2 Technologies
2.1.4.3 Market demand and forecasts
2.1.5 Market Forecasts
2.2 Market drivers
2.3 Battery market megatrends
2.4 Advanced materials for batteries
2.5 Motivation for battery development beyond lithium
2.6 Battery chemistries

3.1 Types of Lithium Batteries
3.2 Anode materials
3.2.1 Graphite
3.2.2 Lithium Titanate
3.2.3 Lithium Metal
3.2.4 Silicon anodes
3.3 SWOT analysis
3.4 Trends in the Li-ion battery market
3.5 Silicon anodes
3.5.1 Benefits
3.5.2 Silicon anode performance
3.5.3 Development in li-ion batteries
3.5.3.1 Manufacturing silicon
3.5.3.2 Commercial production
3.5.3.3 Costs
3.5.3.4 Value chain
3.5.3.5 Markets and applications
3.5.3.5.1 EVs
3.5.3.5.2 Consumer electronics
3.5.3.5.3 Energy Storage
3.5.3.5.4 Portable Power Tools
3.5.3.5.5 Emergency Backup Power
3.5.3.6 Future outlook
3.5.4 Consumption
3.5.4.1 By anode material type
3.5.4.2 By end use market
3.5.5 Alloy anode materials
3.5.6 Silicon-carbon composites
3.5.7 Silicon oxides and coatings
3.5.8 Carbon nanotubes in Li-ion
3.5.9 Graphene coatings for Li-ion
3.5.10 Prices
3.5.11 Companies
3.6 Li-ion electrolytes
3.7 Cathodes
3.7.1 Materials
3.7.1.1 High and Ultra-High nickel cathode materials
3.7.1.2 Types
3.7.1.3 Benefits
3.7.1.4 Stability
3.7.1.5 Single Crystal Cathodes
3.7.1.6 Commercial activity
3.7.1.7 Manufacturing
3.7.1.8 High manganese content
3.7.1.9 Li-Mn-rich cathodes
3.7.1.10 LMR-NMC
3.7.1.11 Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) - LCO
3.7.1.12 Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) - LFP
3.7.1.13 Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) - LMO
3.7.1.14 Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) - NMC
3.7.1.15 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) - NCA
3.7.1.16 Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnP)
3.7.1.17 Lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnFePO4 or LMFP)
3.7.1.18 Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO)
3.7.1.19 Zero-Cobalt NMx
3.7.2 Alternative Cathode Production
3.7.2.1 Production/Synthesis
3.7.2.2 Commercial development
3.7.2.3 Recycling cathodes
3.7.3 Comparison of key lithium-ion cathode materials
3.7.4 Emerging cathode material synthesis methods
3.7.5 Cathode coatings
3.8 Binders and conductive additives
3.8.1 Materials
3.9 Separators
3.9.1 Materials
3.10 Platinum group metals
3.11 Li-ion battery market players
3.12 Li-ion recycling
3.12.1 Comparison of recycling techniques
3.12.2 Hydrometallurgy
3.12.2.1 Method overview
3.12.2.1.1 Solvent extraction
3.12.2.2 SWOT analysis
3.12.3 Pyrometallurgy
3.12.3.1 Method overview
3.12.3.2 SWOT analysis
3.12.4 Direct recycling
3.12.4.1 Method overview
3.12.4.1.1 Electrolyte separation
3.12.4.1.2 Separating cathode and anode materials
3.12.4.1.3 Binder removal
3.12.4.1.4 Relithiation
3.12.4.1.5 Cathode recovery and rejuvenation
3.12.4.1.6 Hydrometallurgical-direct hybrid recycling
3.12.4.2 SWOT analysis
3.12.5 Other methods
3.12.5.1 Mechanochemical Pretreatment
3.12.5.2 Electrochemical Method
3.12.5.3 Ionic Liquids
3.12.6 Recycling of Specific Components
3.12.6.1 Anode (Graphite)
3.12.6.2 Cathode
3.12.6.3 Electrolyte
3.12.7 Recycling of Beyond Li-ion Batteries
3.12.7.1 Conventional vs Emerging Processes
3.13 Global revenues

4.1 Technology description
4.2 Lithium-metal anodes
4.3 Challenges
4.4 Energy density
4.5 Anode-less Cells
4.6 Lithium-metal and solid-state batteries
4.7 Applications
4.8 SWOT analysis
4.9 Product developers

5.1 Technology description
5.1.1 Advantages
5.1.2 Challenges
5.1.3 Commercialization
5.2 SWOT analysis
5.3 Global revenues
5.4 Product developers

6.1 Technology description
6.1.1 Lithium titanate oxide
6.1.2 Niobium titanium oxide (NTO)
6.1.2.1 Niobium tungsten oxide
6.1.2.2 Vanadium oxide anodes
6.2 Global revenues
6.3 Product developers

7.1 Technology description
7.1.1 Cathode materials
7.1.1.1 Layered transition metal oxides
7.1.1.1.1 Types
7.1.1.1.2 Cycling performance
7.1.1.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages
7.1.1.1.4 Market prospects for LO SIB
7.1.1.2 Polyanionic materials
7.1.1.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages
7.1.1.2.2 Types
7.1.1.2.3 Market prospects for Poly SIB
7.1.1.3 Prussian blue analogues (PBA)
7.1.1.3.1 Types
7.1.1.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages
7.1.1.3.3 Market prospects for PBA-SIB
7.1.2 Anode materials
7.1.2.1 Hard carbons
7.1.2.2 Carbon black
7.1.2.3 Graphite
7.1.2.4 Carbon nanotubes
7.1.2.5 Graphene
7.1.2.6 Alloying materials
7.1.2.7 Sodium Titanates
7.1.2.8 Sodium Metal
7.1.3 Electrolytes
7.2 Comparative analysis with other battery types
7.3 Cost comparison with Li-ion
7.4 Materials in sodium-ion battery cells
7.5 SWOT analysis
7.6 Global revenues
7.7 Product developers
7.7.1 Battery Manufacturers
7.7.2 Large Corporations
7.7.3 Automotive Companies
7.7.4 Chemicals and Materials Firms

8.1 Technology description
8.2 Applications
8.3 SWOT analysis

9.1 Technology description
9.2 SWOT analysis
9.3 Commercialization
9.4 Global revenues
9.5 Product developers

10.1 Technology description
10.1.1 Solid-state electrolytes
10.2 Features and advantages
10.3 Technical specifications
10.4 Types
10.5 Microbatteries
10.5.1 Introduction
10.5.2 Materials
10.5.3 Applications
10.5.4 3D designs
10.5.4.1 3D printed batteries
10.6 Bulk type solid-state batteries
10.7 SWOT analysis
10.8 Limitations
10.9 Global revenues
10.10 Product developers

11.1 Technology description
11.2 Technical specifications
11.2.1 Approaches to flexibility
11.3 Markets and applications
11.4 Flexible electronics
11.4.1 Flexible materials
11.5 Flexible and wearable Metal-sulfur batteries
11.6 Flexible and wearable Metal-air batteries
11.7 Flexible Lithium-ion Batteries
11.7.1 Types of Flexible/stretchable LIBs
11.7.1.1 Flexible planar LiBs
11.7.1.2 Flexible Fiber LiBs
11.7.1.3 Flexible micro-LiBs
11.7.1.4 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
11.7.1.5 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
11.8 Flexible Li/S batteries
11.8.1 Components
11.8.2 Carbon nanomaterials
11.9 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li-MnO2) batteries
11.9.1 Printed Batteries
11.9.1.1 Technical specifications
11.9.1.2 Components
11.9.1.3 Design
11.9.1.4 Key features
11.9.1.4.1 Printable current collectors
11.9.1.4.2 Printable electrodes
11.9.1.4.3 Materials
11.9.1.4.4 Applications
11.9.1.4.5 Printing techniques
11.9.1.4.6 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
11.9.1.4.7 Zinc-based printed batteries
11.9.1.4.8 3D Printed batteries
11.9.1.4.8.1 Materials for 3D printed batteries
11.10 Flexible zinc-based batteries
11.10.1 Components
11.10.1.1 Anodes
11.10.1.2 Cathodes
11.10.2 Challenges
11.10.3 Flexible zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-Mn) batteries
11.10.4 Flexible silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries
11.10.5 Flexible Zn-Air batteries
11.10.6 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
11.11 Fiber-shaped batteries
11.11.1 Carbon nanotubes
11.11.2 Types
11.11.3 Applications
11.11.4 Challenges
11.12 Energy harvesting combined with wearable energy storage devices
11.13 SWOT analysis
11.14 Global revenues
11.15 Product developers

12.1 Technology description
12.2 Components
12.3 SWOT analysis
12.4 Market outlook

13.1 Technology description
13.2 Components
13.3 SWOT analysis
13.4 Market outlook
13.5 Product developers

14.1 Technical specifications
14.2 Components
14.3 Design
14.4 Key features
14.5 Printable current collectors
14.6 Printable electrodes
14.7 Materials
14.8 Applications
14.9 Printing techniques
14.10 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
14.11 Zinc-based printed batteries
14.12 3D Printed batteries
14.12.1 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
14.12.2 Materials for 3D printed batteries
14.12.2.1 Electrode materials
14.12.2.2 Electrolyte Materials
14.13 SWOT analysis
14.14 Global revenues
14.15 Product developers

15.1 Technology description
15.2 Types
15.2.1 Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
15.2.1.1 Technology description
15.2.1.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.1.3 Market players
15.2.2 Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZnBr)
15.2.2.1 Technology description
15.2.2.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.2.3 Market players
15.2.3 Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)
15.2.3.1 Technology description
15.2.3.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.4 Iron-chromium flow batteries (ICB)
15.2.4.1 Technology description
15.2.4.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.4.3 Market players
15.2.5 All-Iron flow batteries
15.2.5.1 Technology description
15.2.5.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.5.3 Market players
15.2.6 Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries
15.2.6.1 Technology description
15.2.6.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.6.3 Market players
15.2.7 Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
15.2.7.1 Technology description
15.2.7.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.7.3 Market players
15.2.8 Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries
15.2.8.1 Technology description
15.2.8.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.8.3 Market players
15.2.9 Organic flow batteries
15.2.9.1 Technology description
15.2.9.2 SWOT analysis
15.2.9.3 Market players
15.2.10 Emerging Flow-Batteries
15.2.10.1 Semi-Solid Redox Flow Batteries
15.2.10.2 Solar Redox Flow Batteries
15.2.10.3 Air-Breathing Sulfur Flow Batteries
15.2.10.4 Metal-CO2 Batteries
15.2.11 Hybrid Flow Batteries
15.2.11.1 Zinc-Cerium Hybrid Flow Batteries
15.2.11.1.1 Technology description
15.2.11.2 Zinc-Polyiodide Flow Batteries
15.2.11.2.1 Technology description
15.2.11.3 Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow Batteries
15.2.11.3.1 Technology description
15.2.11.4 Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow Batteries
15.2.11.4.1 Technology description
15.2.11.5 Vanadium-Polyhalide Flow Batteries
15.2.11.5.1 Technology description
15.3 Markets for redox flow batteries
15.4 Global revenues

16.1 Technology description
16.1.1 Zinc-Air batteries
16.1.2 Zinc-ion batteries
16.1.3 Zinc-bromide
16.2 Market outlook
16.3 Product developers

17.1 Overview
17.2 Applications
17.2.1 Machine Learning
17.2.1.1 Overview
17.2.2 Material Informatics
17.2.2.1 Overview
17.2.2.2 Companies
17.2.3 Cell Testing
17.2.3.1 Overview
17.2.3.2 Companies
17.2.4 Cell Assembly and Manufacturing
17.2.4.1 Overview
17.2.4.2 Companies
17.2.5 Battery Analytics
17.2.5.1 Overview
17.2.5.2 Companies
17.2.6 Second Life Assessment
17.2.6.1 Overview
17.2.6.2 Companies

18.1 Electrode materials
18.2 Electrolytes

Table 1. Battery chemistries used in electric buses
Table 2. Micro EV types
Table 3. Battery Sizes for Different Vehicle Types
Table 4. Competing technologies for batteries in electric boats
Table 5. Electric bus, truck and van battery forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
Table 6. Competing technologies for batteries in grid storage
Table 7. Competing technologies for batteries in consumer electronics
Table 8. Competing technologies for sodium-ion batteries in grid storage
Table 9. Total Addressable Markets (GWh) for Advanced Li-ion and Beyond Li-ion Batteries
Table 10. BEV Car Cathode Forecast (GWh)
Table 11. EV Cathode Forecast (GWh) (Including buses, trucks, vans)
Table 12. BEV Anode Forecast (GWh)
Table 13. EV Anode Forecast (GWh) (Including buses, trucks, vans)
Table 14.Consumer Devices Anode Forecast
Table 15.Advanced Anode Forecast (GWh)
Table 16. Market drivers for use of advanced materials and technologies in batteries
Table 17. Battery market megatrends
Table 18. Advanced materials for batteries
Table 19. Commercial Li-ion battery cell composition
Table 20. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery supply chain
Table 21. Types of lithium battery
Table 22. Comparison of Li-ion battery anode materials
Table 23. Trends in the Li-ion battery market
Table 24. Si-anode performance summary
Table 25. Manufacturing methods for nano-silicon anodes
Table 26. Market Players' Production Capacites
Table 27. Strategic Partnerships and Agreements
Table 28. Markets and applications for silicon anodes
Table 29. Anode material consumption by type (tonnes)
Table 30. Anode material consumption by end use market (tonnes)
Table 31. Anode materials prices, current and forecasted
Table 32. Silicon-anode companies
Table 33. Li-ion battery cathode materials
Table 34. Key technology trends shaping lithium-ion battery cathode development
Table 35. Benefits of High and Ultra-High Nickel NMC
Table 36. High-nickel Products Table
Table 37. Properties of Lithium Cobalt Oxide) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Table 38. Properties of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Table 39. Properties of Lithium Manganese Oxide cathode material
Table 40. Properties of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)
Table 41. Properties of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
Table 42. Alternative Cathode Production Routes
Table 43. Alternative cathode synthesis routes
Table 44. Alternative Cathode Production Companies
Table 45. Recycled cathode materials facilities and capactites
Table 46. Comparison table of key lithium-ion cathode materials
Table 47. Li-ion battery Binder and conductive additive materials
Table 48. Li-ion battery Separator materials
Table 49. Li-ion battery market players
Table 50. Typical lithium-ion battery recycling process flow
Table 51. Main feedstock streams that can be recycled for lithium-ion batteries
Table 52. Comparison of LIB recycling methods
Table 53. Comparison of conventional and emerging processes for recycling beyond lithium-ion batteries
Table 54. Global revenues for Li-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 55. Applications for Li-metal batteries
Table 56. Li-metal battery developers
Table 57. Comparison of the theoretical energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries versus other common battery types
Table 58. Global revenues for Lithium-sulfur, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 59. Lithium-sulphur battery product developers
Table 60. Global revenues for Lithium titanate and niobate batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 61. Product developers in Lithium titanate and niobate batteries
Table 62. Comparison of cathode materials
Table 63. Layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Table 64. General cycling performance characteristics of common layered transition metal oxide cathode materials
Table 65. Polyanionic materials for sodium-ion battery cathodes
Table 66. Comparative analysis of different polyanionic materials
Table 67. Common types of Prussian Blue Analogue materials used as cathodes or anodes in sodium-ion batteries
Table 68. Comparison of Na-ion battery anode materials
Table 69. Hard Carbon producers for sodium-ion battery anodes
Table 70. Comparison of carbon materials in sodium-ion battery anodes
Table 71. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite
Table 72. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof
Table 73. Comparison of carbon based anodes
Table 74. Alloying materials used in sodium-ion batteries
Table 75. Na-ion electrolyte formulations
Table 76. Pros and cons compared to other battery types
Table 77. Cost comparison with Li-ion batteries
Table 78. Key materials in sodium-ion battery cells
Table 79. Global revenues for sodium-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 80. Product developers in aluminium-ion batteries
Table 81. Types of solid-state electrolytes
Table 82. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries
Table 83. Solid Electrolyte Material Comparison
Table 84. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries
Table 85. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries
Table 86. Limitations of solid-state thin film batteries
Table 87. Global revenues for All-Solid State Batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 88. Solid-state thin-film battery market players
Table 89. Flexible battery applications and technical requirements
Table 90. Comparison of Flexible and Traditional Lithium-Ion Batteries
Table 91. Material Choices for Flexible Battery Components
Table 92. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes
Table 93. Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries
Table 94. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries
Table 95. Main components and properties of different printed battery types
Table 96, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used
Table 97. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements
Table 98. 2D and 3D printing techniques
Table 99. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries
Table 100. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries
Table 101. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn-MnO2 and other battery types
Table 102. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
Table 103. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries
Table 104. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
Table 105. Global revenues for flexible batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 106. Product developers in flexible batteries
Table 107. Components of transparent batteries
Table 108. Components of degradable batteries
Table 109. Product developers in degradable batteries
Table 110. Main components and properties of different printed battery types
Table 111. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements
Table 112. 2D and 3D printing techniques
Table 113. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries
Table 114. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries
Table 115. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn-MnO2 and other battery types
Table 116. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
Table 117. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries
Table 118. Global revenues for printed batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Table 119. Product developers in printed batteries
Table 120. Advantages and disadvantages of redox flow batteries
Table 121. Comparison of different battery types
Table 122. Summary of main flow battery types
Table 123. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 124. Market players in Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
Table 125. Zinc-bromine (ZnBr) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 126. Market players in Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries (ZnBr)
Table 127. Polysulfide bromine flow batteries (PSB)-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 128. Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 129. Market players in Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries
Table 130. All-Iron flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 131. Market players in All-iron Flow Batteries
Table 132. Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 133. Market players in Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) Flow Batteries
Table 134. Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 135. Market players in Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
Table 136. Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 137. Market players in Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) Flow Batteries
Table 138. Materials in Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORFB)
Table 139. Key Active species for ORFBs
Table 140. Organic flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 141. Market players in Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORFB)
Table 142. Zinc-Cerium Hybrid flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 143. Zinc-Polyiodide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 144. Zinc-Nickel Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 145. Zinc-Bromine Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 146. Vanadium-Polyhalide Hybrid Flow batteries-key features, advantages, limitations, performance, components and applications
Table 147. Redox flow battery value chain
Table 148. Global revenues for redox flow batteries, 2018-2035, by type (millions USD)
Table 149. ZN-based battery product developers
Table 150. Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in battery technology
Table 151. Machine learning approaches
Table 152. Types of Neural Networks
Table 153. Companies in materials informatics for batteries
Table 154. Data Forms for Cell Modelling
Table 155. Companies in AI for cell testing for batteries
Table 156.Algorithmic Approaches in Manufacturing and Cell Assembly:
Table 157.AI-based battery manufacturing players :
Table 158. Companies in AI for battery diagnostics and management
Table 159. Algorithmic Approaches and Data Inputs/Outputs
Table 160. Companies in AI for second-life battery assessment
Table 161. Methods for printing supercapacitors
Table 162. Electrode Materials for printed supercapacitors
Table 163. Electrolytes for printed supercapacitors
Table 164. Main properties and components of printed supercapacitors
Table 165. 3DOM separator
Table 166. CATL sodium-ion battery characteristics
Table 167. CHAM sodium-ion battery characteristics
Table 168. Chasm SWCNT products
Table 169. Faradion sodium-ion battery characteristics
Table 170. HiNa Battery sodium-ion battery characteristics
Table 171. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries
Table 172. LiNa Energy battery characteristics
Table 173. Natrium Energy battery characteristics

Figure 1. Annual sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
Figure 2. Electric car Li-ion demand forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
Figure 3. EV Li-ion battery market (US$B), 2018-2035
Figure 4. Electric bus, truck and van battery forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
Figure 5. Micro EV Li-ion demand forecast (GWh)
Figure 6. Lithium-ion battery grid storage demand forecast (GWh), 2018-2035
Figure 7. Sodium-ion grid storage units
Figure 8. Salt-E Dog mobile battery
Figure 9. I.Power Nest - Residential Energy Storage System Solution
Figure 10. Costs of batteries to 2030
Figure 11. Lithium Cell Design
Figure 12. Functioning of a lithium-ion battery
Figure 13. Li-ion battery cell pack
Figure 14. Li-ion electric vehicle (EV) battery
Figure 15. SWOT analysis: Li-ion batteries
Figure 16. Silicon anode value chain
Figure 17. Market development timeline
Figure 18. Silicon Anode Commercialization Timeline
Figure 19. Silicon anode value chain
Figure 20. Anode material consumption by type (tonnes)
Figure 21. Anode material consumption by end user market (tonnes)
Figure 22. Ultra-high Nickel Cathode Commercialization Timeline
Figure 23. Li-cobalt structure
Figure 24. Li-manganese structure
Figure 25. Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials
Figure 26. Flow chart of recycling processes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
Figure 27. Hydrometallurgical recycling flow sheet
Figure 28. SWOT analysis for Hydrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling
Figure 29. Umicore recycling flow diagram
Figure 30. SWOT analysis for Pyrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling
Figure 31. Schematic of direct recyling process
Figure 32. SWOT analysis for Direct Li-ion Battery Recycling
Figure 33. Global revenues for Li-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 34. Schematic diagram of a Li-metal battery
Figure 35. SWOT analysis: Lithium-metal batteries
Figure 36. Schematic diagram of Lithium-sulfur battery
Figure 37. SWOT analysis: Lithium-sulfur batteries
Figure 38. Global revenues for Lithium-sulfur, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 39. Global revenues for Lithium titanate and niobate batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 40. Schematic of Prussian blue analogues (PBA)
Figure 41. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG)
Figure 42. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications
Figure 43. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
Figure 44. Schematic diagram of a Na-ion battery
Figure 45. SWOT analysis: Sodium-ion batteries
Figure 46. Global revenues for sodium-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 47. Schematic of a Na-S battery
Figure 48. SWOT analysis: Sodium-sulfur batteries
Figure 49. Saturnose battery chemistry
Figure 50. SWOT analysis: Aluminium-ion batteries
Figure 51. Global revenues for aluminium-ion batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 52. Schematic illustration of all-solid-state lithium battery
Figure 53. ULTRALIFE thin film battery
Figure 54. Examples of applications of thin film batteries
Figure 55. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials
Figure 56. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right)
Figure 57. Bulk type compared to thin film type SSB
Figure 58. SWOT analysis: All-solid state batteries
Figure 59. Global revenues for All-Solid State Batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 60. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries
Figure 61. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage
Figure 62. Types of flexible batteries
Figure 63. Flexible batteries on the market
Figure 64. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries
Figure 65. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures
Figure 66. a-c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs
Figure 67. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d-f)
Figure 68. Origami disposable battery
Figure 69. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt
Figure 70. Various applications of printed paper batteries
Figure 71.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery
Figure 72. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together
Figure 73. Sakuú's Swift Print 3D-printed solid-state battery cells
Figure 74. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III)
Figure 75. Charge storage mechanism of alkaline Zn-based batteries and zinc-ion batteries
Figure 76. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Blue Spark
Figure 77. Ag-Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy
Figure 78. Wearable self-powered devices
Figure 79. SWOT analysis: Flexible batteries
Figure 80. Global revenues for flexible batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 81. Transparent batteries
Figure 82. SWOT analysis: Transparent batteries
Figure 83. Degradable batteries
Figure 84. SWOT analysis: Degradable batteries
Figure 85. Various applications of printed paper batteries
Figure 86.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery
Figure 87. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together
Figure 88. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III)
Figure 89. SWOT analysis: Printed batteries
Figure 90. Global revenues for printed batteries, 2018-2035, by market (Billions USD)
Figure 91. Scheme of a redox flow battery
Figure 92. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery schematic
Figure 93. SWOT analysis: Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB)
Figure 94. Schematic of zinc bromine flow battery energy storage system
Figure 95. SWOT analysis: Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries (ZnBr)
Figure 96. SWOT analysis: Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries
Figure 97. SWOT analysis: Iron-chromium (ICB) flow batteries
Figure 98. Schematic of All-Iron Redox Flow Batteries
Figure 99. SWOT analysis: All-iron Flow Batteries
Figure 100. SWOT analysis: Zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) flow batteries
Figure 101. Schematic of Hydrogen-bromine flow battery
Figure 102. SWOT analysis: Hydrogen-bromine (H-Br) flow batteries
Figure 103. SWOT analysis: Hydrogen-Manganese (H-Mn) flow batteries
Figure 104. SWOT analysis: Organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs) batteries
Figure 105. Schematic of zinc-polyiodide redox flow battery (ZIB)
Figure 106. Redox flow batteries applications roadmap
Figure 107. Global revenues for redox flow batteries, 2018-2035, by type (millions USD)
Figure 108. Main printing methods for supercapacitors
Figure 109. 24M battery
Figure 110. 3DOM battery
Figure 111. AC biode prototype
Figure 112. Schematic diagram of liquid metal battery operation
Figure 113. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm)
Figure 114. Amprius battery products
Figure 115. All-polymer battery schematic
Figure 116. All Polymer Battery Module
Figure 117. Resin current collector
Figure 118. Ateios thin-film, printed battery
Figure 119. The structure of aluminum-sulfur battery from Avanti Battery
Figure 120. Containerized NAS® batteries
Figure 121. 3D printed lithium-ion battery
Figure 122. Blue Solution module
Figure 123. TempTraq wearable patch
Figure 124. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process
Figure 125. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest
Figure 126. Cymbet EnerChip™
Figure 127. Rongke Power 400 MWh VRFB
Figure 128. E-magy nano sponge structure
Figure 129. Enerpoly zinc-ion battery
Figure 130. SoftBattery®
Figure 131. ASSB All-Solid-State Battery by EGI 300 Wh/kg
Figure 132. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate
Figure 133. 40 Ah battery cell
Figure 134. FDK Corp battery
Figure 135. 2D paper batteries
Figure 136. 3D Custom Format paper batteries
Figure 137. Fuji carbon nanotube products
Figure 138. Gelion Endure battery
Figure 139. Portable desalination plant
Figure 140. Grepow flexible battery
Figure 141. HPB solid-state battery
Figure 142. HiNa Battery pack for EV
Figure 143. JAC demo EV powered by a HiNa Na-ion battery
Figure 144. Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics from Hirose
Figure 145. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery
Figure 146. Ilika solid-state batteries
Figure 147. ZincPoly™ technology
Figure 148. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials
Figure 149. Ionic Materials battery cell
Figure 150. Schematic of Ion Storage Systems solid-state battery structure
Figure 151. ITEN micro batteries
Figure 152. Kite Rise’s A-sample sodium-ion battery module
Figure 153. LiBEST flexible battery
Figure 154. Li-FUN sodium-ion battery cells
Figure 155. LiNa Energy battery
Figure 156. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology
Figure 157. Lyten batteries
Figure 158. Cellulomix production process
Figure 159. Nanobase versus conventional products
Figure 160. Nanotech Energy battery
Figure 161. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept
Figure 162. NBD battery
Figure 163. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production
Figure 164. TEM images of carbon nanobrush
Figure 165. EnerCerachip
Figure 166. Cambrian battery
Figure 167. Printed battery
Figure 168. Prieto Foam-Based 3D Battery
Figure 169. Printed Energy flexible battery
Figure 170. ProLogium solid-state battery
Figure 171. QingTao solid-state batteries
Figure 172. Schematic of the quinone flow battery
Figure 173. Sakuú Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery
Figure 174. Salgenx S3000 seawater flow battery
Figure 175. Samsung SDI's sixth-generation prismatic batteries
Figure 176. SES Apollo batteries
Figure 177. Sionic Energy battery cell
Figure 178. Solid Power battery pouch cell
Figure 179. Stora Enso lignin battery materials
Figure 180.TeraWatt Technology solid-state battery
Figure 181. Zeta Energy 20 Ah cell
Figure 182. Zoolnasm batteries