Growing worldwide concerns about environmental pollution and global warming have directed the attention of scientists towards approaches for developing sustainable protocols, and the need for employing greener and more sustainable catalytic approaches that are environmentally greener and more eco-friendly than current ones. Green and sustainable catalysts are the one class of catalysts that possess higher selectivity and activity, efficient recovery from the reaction medium, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and are prepared using environmentally benign preparation techniques. The most potent instrument in organic synthesis, and the cornerstone of green chemistry, is catalysis which has broadened the possibilities for organic transformations in the direction of a sustainable future. The catalyst has been playing a vital role, from the improvement of reaction conditions to enhanced selectivity towards the intended product and a decrease in the creation of byproducts. The purpose of this book is to highlight the developments made towards designing new catalysts (homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalyst, nanocatalyst, photocatalyst, nanophotocatalyst, biocatalyst, nanobiocatalyst, metal catalyst etc,.) and present the advancements in the field of chemical synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications.
The other environmentally friendly method is the enzymatic synthesis of organic molecules, which substitutes safe reagents for those that imitate the biosynthetic route to synthesize the desired organic molecules. With its ability to produce transformations that occasionally enable the reduction of steps in a synthetic route, biophotocatalysis has long been recognized as a green technology and key to creating environmentally friendly and sustainable chemistry. The employment of sustainable green processes on the most crucial reaction steps of the synthetic protocol satisfies contemporary needs for environmentally friendly operations during the creation of valuable chemicals.
Readers will find the book: - details new catalysts development designs (homo and heterogeneous); - presents the advancement of organic synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications; - elaborates on preparation techniques for green and sustainable catalysts that possess higher activity, efficient recovery, and cost-effectiveness; - discusses how to epitomize a green approach towards the preparation of organic moieties via enzymatic synthesis; - analyzes nano-catalysis with green-based reagents and solvents that allow producers to follow the fundamental pillars of the green economy; - elucidates green chemistry’s principles and metrics of the chemical’s life cycle and design through disposal.
Audience
The core audiences for this book include scientists and engineers working in green chemistry, materials science, photocatalysts, biotechnology, nanotechnology, waste minimization, and sustainability. This book is an excellent resource for graduate students, R&D experts, and researchers in academic and industrial fields of chemical synthesis.
Table of Contents
Preface xv
1 Green and Sustainable Catalytic Reaction Processes Including New Reaction Medium-Enriched Atom Utilization 1
Amit and Mousumi Sen
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Background 3
1.3 Literature Review 7
1.4 Environmental Impact of Catalytic Reactions 9
1.5 Experimental Section 13
1.6 Results and Discussion 16
1.7 Summary and Outlook 21
References 22
2 Green Catalysis for Chemical Transformation: Need for the Sustainable Development 29
Dripta De Joarder, Rajarshi Sarkar and Dilip K. Maiti
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Conclusion 46
References 46
3 Green Avenues in Controlled Radical Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Macromolecules 59
Pratibha Sharma and Amit Kumar
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Green Advances in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Technique 61
3.3 Green Advances in Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Technique 65
3.4 Green Advances in Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Technique 67
3.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective 69
References 70
4 Catalytic Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic and Heteroatom Compounds: Recent Advances 79
Nayeem Ahmed, Zeba N. Siddiqui, Waqas A. Khan and Hinna Hamid
4.1 Introduction 80
4.2 Conclusion 92
References 93
5 The Novel Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Green and Sustainable Catalysts 97
Surya Prakash Verma, Devashish Singh and Poonam Rajesh Prasad
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Role of Green Synthesis and Catalyst 100
5.3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Transition Metals 101
5.4 Asymmetric Cross-Couplings Catalyzed by TM 104
5.5 Approaches to Profens Through Organocatalysis 113
5.6 Conclusions 116
Acknowledgments 116
References 116
6 Application of Nanocatalysts in Greener Synthesis of Chemical Compounds 121
Karan Chaudhary and Dhanraj T. Masram
6.1 Introduction 122
6.2 Green Strategies 123
6.3 Nanocatalysts for Green Synthesis of Organic Compounds 125
6.4 Conclusion 135
References 135
7 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Recent Advances and Applications 141
Sher Mohd and Amjad Mumtaz Khan
7.1 Introduction 142
7.2 Fundamental Principles of Photocatalysis 144
7.3 Photocatalytic Mechanisms 145
7.4 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Efficiency 146
7.5 Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysts 148
7.6 Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 149
7.7 Recent Advances in Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance 153
7.8 Prospects and Pioneering Challenges in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 156
7.9 Conclusion 158
References 158
8 Role of Biocatalysis-Biotransformations in Sustainable Chemistry 165
Devashish Singh, Surya Prakash Verma and Poonam Rajesh Prasad
8.1 Introduction 166
8.2 Principle of Biocatalysis 168
8.3 Recent Development in Biocatalysis 169
8.4 Future in Biocatalysis 177
8.5 Conclusion 179
Acknowledgments 179
References 180
9 Synthesis and Functionalization of Natural Products with Light-Driven Reactions 183
Kanchanbala Sahoo, Gitanjali Mishra and Barla Thirupathi
9.1 Introduction 184
9.2 Visible Light-Driven Total Synthesis of Natural Products 186
9.3 Visible Light-Driven Functionalization of Natural Products 213
9.4 Conclusion 217
Acknowledgements 218
References 218
10 Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability 225
Ramuel John I. Tamargo, Hannah Shamina O. Cosiñero, Don Nelson C. Potato and Apraile Hope P. Dumrigue
10.1 Green Metrics 226
10.2 Tools and Applications of Green Metrics 244
10.3 Life Cycle Assessment 255
10.4 Conclusions 256
References 257
11 Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 259
Gyanendra Kumar, Nitanshu Dhama, Rohit Yadav and Dhanraj T. Masram
11.1 Introduction of Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 259
11.2 Carbon-Based Biocomposites 261
11.3 Waste Biomass 262
11.4 Enzymes as Catalytically Active 264
11.5 Immobilization of Enzymes in Biocatalysts 265
11.6 Biopolymer 266
11.7 Catalytic Applications in Biocatalysts 268
11.8 Computational Approaches in Biocatalyst 269
11.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects 270
References 271
12 Chemistry and Technology Innovation to Advance Green and Sustainable Chemistry 273
Prabitha Prabhakaran, Sakshi Bhardwaj, Bhawna Chopra, Ashwani K. Dhingra and Madhur Kant
12.1 Introduction 274
12.2 Computational Chemistry Methods in Green and Sustainable Drug Design and Development 276
12.3 Green Chemistry Principles in Computational Drug Design 280
12.4 Case Studies in Green and Sustainable Drug Design Using Computational Approaches 286
12.5 Technology Innovations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 289
12.6 Challenges and Limitations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 292
12.7 Future Directions and Conclusion 294
References 295
13 Green Chemistry: The Emergence of a Transformative Framework 301
Priyanka Chaudhary, Rapelly Venkatesh and Reena Singh
13.1 Introduction 302
13.2 Synthetic Routes with Catalysts in Stoichiometric Amounts with the Higher Selectivity of the Chemistry Showcasing Its Advancement 303
13.3 Solvent-Free Syntheses or Alternative Environmental Benign Solvents 305
13.4 Overcoming the Conventional Methods by Switching to Microwave, Ball Milling, and Photochemical Synthesis 308
13.5 Preventing the Usage of Toxic Chemicals, Use of Alternative Chemicals 317
Conclusion 319
References 320
14 Sustainable Therapeutic Approaches with Nanophotocatalyst 329
Rajarshi Sarkar, Dripta De Joarder and Dilip K. Maiti
14.1 Introduction 330
14.2 Cancer Therapeutics 330
14.3 Photocatalysis and Drug Delivery 334
14.4 Challenges and Perspectives 336
14.5 Conclusion 338
References 338
15 Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste Into Green Fuels 343
Poulami Hota and Dilip K. Maiti
15.1 Introduction 344
15.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 345
15.3 Conventional Approach for the Generation of Liquid Fuels From Lignocellulosic Biomass 347
15.4 Selective Transformations of Platform Chemicals 362
15.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 368
References 369
16 Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater by Catalytic (Photo/Bio/Nano) Techniques 377
Mohd Ehtesham, Naushad Ansari, Gyanendra Kumar, Satendra Kumar, Panmei Gaijon, Sudipta Ghosh, M. Ramananda Singh and Arun Kant
Abbreviations 378
16.1 Introduction 378
16.2 Detoxification of Wastewater 380
16.3 Miscellaneous Types of Adsorbent 387
16.4 Adsorption Isotherm and Its Kinetics 390
16.5 Significance of Adsorption Technique for Remediation of Hazardous Effluents 390
16.6 Future Prospects of Detoxification of Wastewater Through Catalysis 391
16.7 Conclusion 391
References 392
17 New Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Compounds as Green and Sustainable Catalysts 397
Vikas Yadav, Rohit Kumar, Amrit Gond, Ashvani Yadav, Mitushree Ghosh, Ram Singh Kuri and Virendra Prasad
17.1 Introduction 398
17.2 Role of Hypervalent Iodines in Asymmetric Synthetic Approach 399
17.3 Synthesis and Reactivity 407
17.4 Conclusion 438
References 438
18 High-Turnover Palladium Catalysts: Accelerating C-H Activation for Sustainable Green Catalysis 447
Biswajit Panda
18.1 Introduction 448
18.2 High-TON Pd Catalysis for C-H Arylation of Arenes 452
18.3 Palladium-Catalyzed Activation of Csp3 -H Bonds 457
18.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling 457
18.5 Oxidative Alkynylation Reactions 460
18.6 Tandem C-H and N-H Activation 465
18.7 Conclusions 467
References 467
19 Thin-Film Fabrication Techniques in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells for Energy Harvesting 473
Aman Kumar, Anamika Chaudhari, Sudhanshu Kumar, Suman Kushwaha and Sudip Mandal
19.1 Introduction 474
19.1.1 Energy Crisis and the World Scenario 474
19.2 Structure and Operation Principle of DSSCs 476
19.3 Various Methods for Fabricating Thin Films for DSSCs 477
19.4 Concluding Remarks 508
References 508
Index 521
