Multilevel converters have gained attention in recent years for medium/high voltage and high power industrial and residential applications. The main advantages of multilevel converters over two level converters include less voltage stress on power semiconductors, low dv/dt, low common voltage, reduced electromagnetic interference, and low total harmonics distortion, among others. Better output power quality is ensured by increasing the number of levels in the synthesized output voltage waveform. Several multilevel topologies have been reported in the literature, such as neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitor (FC), cascaded H-bridge (CHB), hybrid cascaded H-bridge, asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge, modular multilevel converters (MMC), active neutral point clamped converters (ANPC), and packed U-cell type converters and various reduced device counts and a reduced number of source-based topologies have been proposed in literature.
The multilevel converter, although a proven and enabling technology, still presents numerous challenges in topologies, modulation, and control, as well as in need-based applications. Since multilevel converters offer a wide range of possibilities, research and development in the areas of multilevel converter topologies, modulation, and control in various applications are still growing. To further improve multilevel converter energy efficiency, reliability, power density, and cost, many research groups across the world are working to broaden the application areas of multilevel converters and make them more attractive and competitive compared to classic topologies.
Multilevel Converters intends to provide deep insight about multilevel converter operation, modulation, and control strategies and various recent applications of multilevel converters such as in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xv
Preface xx
1 Analysis of Dual Two-Level Converters for Multilevel Performance 1
Shailesh Kumar Gupta and Omveer Singh
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Pros and Cons of Multilevel Converters 3
1.3 Applications of Multilevel Converters 5
1.4 Advantages of Dual Two-Level Converters 6
1.5 Problem Identification 7
1.6 Applications of Dual Two-Level Converters 8
1.7 Multilevel Performance of Dual 2-L 3-Phase Inverter Using ANN-Based PWM 10
1.8 Conclusion 19
2 Multilevel Inverters: Classification, Approaches, and Its Application in Photovoltaic System 27
Akhlaque Ahmad Khan, Ahmad Faiz Minai, Qamar Alam and Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) 30
2.3 Topologies for Multilevel Inverters With Reduced Switches 36
2.4 MATLAB/Simulink MLI Configurations 39
2.5 Applications of MLIs in SPV Systems 41
2.6 Conclusion 45
3 Multilevel Inverter Topologies, Modulation, and Applications in Motor Drives 51
Zahoor Ahmad Ganie, Abdul Hamid Bhat and Salman Ahmad
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Conventional Multilevel Inverter Topologies 53
3.3 New Advent MLI Topologies 57
3.4 Pulse Width Modulation Techniques 61
3.5 Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique 65
3.6 Results and Discussion 67
3.7 Conclusion 71
4 Multilevel Inverter Operation With Reduced Capacitor Inrush Currents for Solar Photo-Voltaic Applications 75
Mohammad Ali, Muhammad Khalid and Mohammad Ali Abido
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Operation of 11-Level T-Type MLIs 78
4.3 Voltage Balance Algorithm of the Switched Capacitors 83
4.4 Structural and Cost Comparison 84
4.5 Components Analysis Under Steady State 86
4.6 HIL Results 89
4.7 Experimental Validation 92
4.8 Conclusion 94
5 Single Inverter Switched SVPWM Scheme for Four-Level Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive 99
Suresh Lakhimsetty, Hareesh Myneni and Obbu Chandra Sekhar
5.1 Introduction 100
5.2 Proposed Biasing SVPWM Scheme 105
5.3 Experimental and Simulation Results 109
5.4 Conclusion 114
6 Field-Oriented Control (FOC) of Motor Drives With Multilevel Converter 117
Arif Iqbal and S. P. Singh
6.1 Introduction 117
6.2 Mathematical Modeling 119
6.3 Simulation Results 122
6.4 Conclusions 124
7 A Review on Self-Balanced Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Converter 127
Dhananjay Kumar, Kasinath Jena, Jitendra Kumar Tandekar, Niraj Kumar Dewangan and Vishal Rathore
7.1 Introduction 128
7.2 Literature Review 130
7.3 Description of Five-Level SCMLI 134
7.4 Results 139
7.5 Conclusion 141
8 13 Level Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Converter with High Gain for Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Applications 147
Hasan Iqbal, Mohammad Tayyab, Haroon Rehman, Adil Sarwar and Md Reyaz Hussan
8.1 Introduction 148
8.2 Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverters 151
8.3 Switched Capacitor MLI Operation 152
8.4 Grid-Connected Operation of SCMLIs 156
8.5 Results and Discussion 157
8.6 Summary 160
9 Multilevel Inverter for Renewable Energy Source-Based Grid Integration 165
Akhlaque Ahmad Khan, Ahmad Faiz Minai, Mohammed Aslam Husain and Mohammad Naseem
9.1 Introduction 166
9.2 Multilevel Inverters (MLI) 167
9.3 Solar Photovoltaic Systems (SPVs) 171
9.4 Applications of MLIs in RES 174
9.5 Challenges and Future Work 177
9.6 Conclusion 178
10 Modeling and Analysis of Bidirectional Electric-Drive-Reconstructed On-Board Converter for Plug-In Electric Vehicles 185
Faizan Fayaz Bhat, Zahid Ahmad Tantry, Md Ibrahim and Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
10.1 Introduction 186
10.2 Proposed Electric-Drive-Reconstructed Converter Topology 187
10.3 Operation of a Proposed System in Charging Mode 193
10.4 Operation of a Proposed System in Driving Mode 198
10.5 Conclusions 200
11 Packed U-Cell Multilevel Inverter and Applications in Solar Photovoltaic System 203
Salman Ahmad, Tajamal Hayat Parray and Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
11.1 Introduction 203
11.2 Packed U-Cell Inverter 212
11.3 Comparison of MLI Topologies 214
11.4 Output Equation 219
11.5 Simulation Model 223
11.6 Hardware Development and Results 226
11.7 Conclusion 227
12 Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) Based on Multilevel Configurations 233
Javeed Bashir, Salman Ahmad and Ahmed Sharique Anees
12.1 Introduction 233
12.2 Basic Principle of Operation 235
12.3 Traditional Control Strategies 236
12.4 UPQC’s P and Q Independent Control 243
12.5 Multilevel Converter-Based UPQC 246
12.6 Conclusion 249
13 Efficiency Evaluation and Harmonic Investigation of a High-Efficiency FrSPWM-Controlled Infinite-Level Inverter 253
Aishwarya V.
13.1 Introduction 255
13.2 Three-Phase Infinite-Level Inverter (TILI) 258
13.3 Power Loss Evaluation and Efficiency Assessment of TILI 263
13.4 Simulation Results 269
13.5 Hardware Development and Results 271
13.6 Results and Inference 274
13.7 Conclusion 276
14 Modeling and Analysis of Direct Torque Control Space-Vector Modulation of DFIG 281
Vishal Rathore and Dhananjay Kumar
14.1 Introduction 281
14.2 Modeling of DFIG 283
14.3 DTC Using SVPWM 289
14.4 Results and Analysis 290
14.5 Conclusion 294
15 Observer-Based Sliding Mode Control of Static Var Compensator: A Voltage Control Application in a Hybrid Power System 297
Zahid Afzal Thoker, and Shameem Ahmad Lone
15.1 Introduction 298
15.2 Mathematical Modeling of the System 299
15.3 Sliding Mode Control Strategy for SVC 303
15.4 Simulation Results 308
15.5 Conclusion 312
16 A Review of Modular Multilevel Converters and Its Applications 317
Dhananjay Kumar, Kasinath Jena, Jitendra Kumar Tandekar, Niraj Kumar Dewangan and Vishal Rathore
16.1 Introduction 318
16.2 Literature Review 322
16.3 Mathematical Modeling 326
16.4 Simulation Results 327
16.5 Performance Analysis 333
16.6 Conclusion 333
17 Application of CHB-MLI as a Three-Phase Star-Connected Nine-Level Shunt Active Power Filter 339
Jitendra Kumar Tandekar, Amit Ojha and Shailendra Jain
17.1 Introduction 340
17.2 Operating Principle of the CHB-MLI-Based SAPF 341
17.3 Modeling of CHB-MLI-Based Shunt Active Power Filter 344
17.4 Nine-Level CHB-MLI-Based Shunt Active Power Filter 350
17.5 Conclusion 358
References 358
Index 361
