Construction drawings are, in their essence, a set of goals, the graphic and written instructions provided by architects and engineers to construction professionals that adequately manifest the outcomes sought for a project. Construction professionals translate those instructions into discreet processes and sequences of work, to which values - in both time and money - can be attributed. Construction Graphics has long stood as the essential treatment of this subject from the constructor’s point of view. Now updated from the second edition, the third edition reflects advances in technology and project delivery systems and offers an analysis of how the ideas discussed throughout the text might be applied in the context of one system in a commercial building. Construction Graphics continues to be an indispensable volume for anyone managing construction work.
Readers of the third edition of Construction Graphics will also find: - Enhanced treatment of technology as it operates in construction project delivery and the relationship between design professionals and builders- Exercises at the end of each chapter, with detailed answers in a helpful appendix - Illustrations and figures throughout to emphasize key concepts
Construction Graphics is ideal for students in construction management, construction engineering, architecture, architectural engineering, project management, and interior design programs in community college and four-year university programs.
Table of Contents
Preface to the Third Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Chapter 1 Construction Graphics: An Overview 1
Introduction 2
Graphics and Builders 2
Challenges Facing the Design Professional: Telling a Complicated Story 2
Dialects and the Standardization of Drawings 4
Participants in the Design Process: Owners, Design Professionals, and Contractors 5
Varying Professional Viewpoints: Legal Responsibilities, Education, Training, and the Consequences of Diversity 7
Summary 9
Chapter 2 The Construction Business Environment 11
The Construction Industry 12
Evolution of a Building Construction Project 14
What Contractors Do 20
Summary 22
Chapter 3 The Design Professional’s Work Product 23
The Project Manual 24
Construction Drawings: Organization and Content 24
The International System of Units 28
Jurisdictional Confusion: Drawing Interdependence 30
Residential and Commercial Building Construction Drawings: A Comparison 31
Summary 34
Chapter 4 Construction Drawings 35
Scale, Scales, and Scaled Drawings 36
Determining Dimensions without a Scale 38
Projection Types 38
Views: Plans, Elevations, and Sections 40
Pictorial Drawings 42
Dimensioning: How Big Is It? Where Does It Go? 47
Lettering, Notes, and Leaders 48
Lines 49
Symbols 50
Schedules 51
What Constitutes Good Graphics? 53
Interpreting Working Drawings 56
Summary 60
Chapter 5 Sketching 61
Introduction 62
Drawing Instruments and Media 62
Manner and Style of the Presentation 62
Other Useful Geometric Construction Techniques 67
Formatting and Composing Properly Proportioned Sketches 72
Summary 72
Chapter 6 Site Construction 75
Site Construction: Preparation and Improvements 76
What to Expect in the Drawings 76
Graphic Expression in Site Construction Drawings 79
Translating the Drawings into Work 86
Summary 100
Chapter 7 Foundation Systems 101
Purpose of Foundations 102
What to Expect in the Drawings 102
Graphic Expression in Foundation Drawings 102
Translating the Drawings into Work 107
Summary 118
Chapter 8 Framing Systems 119
Purpose of Framing Systems 120
What to Expect in the Drawings 121
Common Graphic Conventions 121
Framing System Drawings: Subject Matter and Orientation 127
Translating the Drawings into Work 128
Design Decisions Affecting the Construction Process 160
Summary 164
Chapter 9 Cladding, Glazing, and Exterior Doors 167
Purpose of Cladding, Glazing, and Exterior Doors 168
What to Expect in the Drawings 169
Common Graphic Conventions in Cladding, Glazing, and Exterior Doors 170
Translating the Drawings into Work 180
Summary 193
Chapter 10 Roof Systems 195
Purpose of Roof Systems 196
What to Expect in the Drawings 196
Common Graphic Conventions in Roof Structures and Coverings 197
Correlating the Drawings with Work Concerns 215
Summary 218
Chapter 11 Interior Construction 219
Purpose of Interior Construction 220
What to Expect in the Drawings 220
Schedules 220
Common Graphic Conventions in Interior Construction 220
The Takeoff 258
Summary 258
Chapter 12 Mechanical Systems 265
Purpose of Mechanical Systems 266
What to Expect in the Drawings 266
Deciphering the Drawings 270
Plumbing Systems 272
Common Graphic Conventions in Mechanical Systems 281
The Takeoff 304
Summary 305
Chapter 13 Electrical Systems 307
Purpose 308
Elements of Electrical Systems 308
What to Expect in the Drawings 309
Common Graphic Conventions in Electrical Drawings 309
Translating the Drawings into Work 328
Summary 334
Chapter 14 Fabrication Drawings 335
Problems Inherent in the Design and Construction Processes 336
Submittals Defined 336
Submittal Process 337
Shop Drawing Production 338
What to Expect in the Drawings 339
Summary 355
Chapter 15 Project Analysis and Application of Costing Principles 357
Introduction 358
What Am I Being Asked to Do? 358
Responsibilities of the Design Professionals 358
Exploring the Problem 358
What to Expect in the Work 359
Work Analysis 365
Discussion 368
Organization of the Work 368
Quantity Survey 371
Appendix A Estimating and the Takeoff - A Brief Overview 379
Appendix B Answers to the Exercises 381
Appendix C Residential Construction Drawings 387
Appendix D Drawing Review: A Journey through Commercial Building Construction Drawings 423
Appendix E Welding in Construction 449
Appendix F MasterFormat™ 2004 Division Numbers and Titles 465
Appendix G Executing a Site Section 469
Appendix H Trends in Design and Construction 475
Glossary 481
Selected References 489
Index 493
