Despite their many common features (mechanical behavior, multi-scale structure, evolutionary and living characteristics, etc.), the tissues that make up the human body each have specific characteristics linked to their function, which require the development of dedicated experimental, theoretical and numerical methods.
Mechanics of Living Tissues brings together the work of a number of experts to provide an overview of the most recent approaches developed to study the biomechanical behavior of these soft tissues, in order to understand their structure and apparent behavior. Specific tissues are analyzed across the chapters with the aim of developing solutions that address the clinical problems encountered. Conclusions are then drawn regarding future methods that will improve the current state of knowledge of the behavior of these living tissues, in particular with a view to predicting the effect of a pathology or medical procedure on their apparent properties.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
Cédric LAURENT
Introduction: Mechanics of Living Tissues: Applications, Challenges and Methods xiii
Cédric LAURENT
Chapter 1. Biomechanics of the Liver: Characterizations, Modeling and Clinical Applications 1
Simon CHATELIN, Philippe GARTEISER and Bernard E. VAN BEERS
1.1. Anatomy and clinical issues 1
1.2. Experimental biomechanical characterizations 5
1.3. Elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis, cirrhosis, inflammation and liver tumors 12
1.4. Mechanical modeling 17
1.5. Conclusion and outlook 21
1.6. Acknowledgments 21
1.7. References 22
Chapter 2. Biomechanics of the Skin: Characterizations, Modeling and Scalp Applications 33
Yves VALLET and Cédric LAURENT
2.1. Anatomy and properties of the skin 34
2.2. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the skin 37
2.3. Imaging of the skin 45
2.4. Modeling the mechanical behavior of the skin 47
2.5. A special case: the scalp 50
2.6. References 54
Chapter 3. Biomechanics of the Cornea 65
Chloé GIRAUDET and Jean-Marc ALLAIN
3.1. Anatomy and clinical problems 65
3.2. Experimental characterization 72
3.3. Modeling mechanical behavior 86
3.4. Biomaterials 88
3.5. Acknowledgements 89
3.6. References 89
Chapter 4. Biomechanical Modeling of the Human Tongue 95
Maxime CALKA, Pascal PERRIER, Michel ROCHETTE and Yohan PAYAN
4.1. Introduction 95
4.2. Anatomy of the tongue: environment, topology and partitioning 96
4.3. State of the art on biomechanical modeling of the human tongue 98
4.4. Our 3D FE model of the human tongue 100
4.5. Numerical simulations 104
4.6. Discussion 111
4.7. Perspective: model order reduction for real-time simulation 112
4.8. Conclusion 112
4.9. References 113
Chapter 5. Biomechanical Characterization of the Disc of the Temporomandibular Joint 117
Lara TAPPERT, Adrien BALDIT and Pawel LIPINSKI
5.1. Anatomical and geometric description of the temporomandibular joint and its discs 118
5.2. Biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint disc 126
5.3. Perspectives on the study of the temporomandibular joint disc 141
5.4. References 142
Chapter 6. Biomechanics of the Intervertebral Disc 149
Pascal SWIDER
6.1. Introduction 149
6.2. Anatomy of the spine, disc and clinical issues 150
6.3. IVD modeling 159
6.4. IVD and therapeutic strategies. 160
6.5. Conclusion and outlook 161
6.6. References 161
Chapter 7. Biomechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) 169
Cédric LAURENT
7.1. Introduction: ACL physiology and pathologies 169
7.2. Mechanical characterization of the ACL 174
7.3. Biomechanical modeling of the ACL 180
7.4. Toward tissue engineering of the ACL 185
7.5. References 190
Chapter 8. Mechanoregulation in Soft Biological Tissues: Application to the Development of Arterial Calcifications 203
Madge MARTIN, Claire MORIN and Stéphane AVRIL
8.1. Introduction 203
8.2. Mechanoregulation of arteries 209
8.3. Biochemistry of MAC 218
8.4. Conclusion 233
8.5. References 234
Chapter 9. Biomechanics of Bone Tissue and Its Interactions with Surrounding Tissues 247
Émilie SAPIN-DE BROSSES and David MITTON
9.1. Introduction 247
9.2. Anatomy and physiology of bone from the macroscopic to the molecular scale 248
9.3. Bone tissue imaging and key morphological features 253
9.4. Mechanical behavior of bone and characterization methods 256
9.5. Interactions of bone tissue with surrounding tissues, and clinical implications 266
9.6. Conclusion and outlook 270
9.7. References 271
Conclusion 279
Cédric LAURENT
List of Authors 299
Index 303
