+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Synthetic Immunology Market Report 2024-2034

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 257 Pages
  • June 2024
  • Region: Global
  • Visiongain
  • ID: 5979702
Description Jump to:
Overall world revenue for Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034 in terms of value the market will surpass US$19.0 billion in 2024, the work calculates. The publisher predicts strong revenue growth through to 2034. The work identifies which organizations hold the greatest potential. Discover their capabilities, progress, and commercial prospects, helping you stay ahead.

The Synthetic Immunology Market Report 2024-2034: This report will prove invaluable to leading firms striving for new revenue pockets if they wish to better understand the industry and its underlying dynamics. It will be useful for companies that would like to expand into different industries or to expand their existing operations in a new region.

Advancements in Biotechnology Driving Market Growth

Technological advancements in synthetic biology, gene editing, and immunotherapy have revolutionized the landscape of healthcare, particularly in the emerging field of synthetic immunology. Synthetic biology techniques provide researchers with unprecedented control over the design and construction of biological molecules, allowing for the creation of novel synthetic molecules tailored to specific therapeutic needs. Biopharmaceuticals are leading the charge within the industry, capturing over 41% of the market revenue in 2023. Biologics are surpassing traditional drugs in terms of new drug approvals by the FDA. By engineering synthetic antibodies, cytokines, and receptors, researchers can precisely target immune cells, pathways, or disease antigens with enhanced efficacy and specificity. Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, enable researchers to modify the genetic code of immune cells, such as T cells, to enhance their ability to recognize and eliminate diseased cells. This targeted approach minimizes off-target effects and improves the overall effectiveness of immunotherapies.

High Development Costs of Synthetic Immunology Likely to Hamper Industry Growth

The development of synthetic immunotherapy and diagnostic tools entails significant investment in research and development (R&D) across multiple stages, from early discovery to clinical testing and regulatory approval. One of the primary cost drivers is the need for cutting-edge technology and expertise to design, engineer, and produce synthetic molecules with the desired therapeutic or diagnostic properties. This includes investment in sophisticated laboratory equipment, computational tools, and specialized personnel skilled in synthetic biology, gene editing, and immunology. Moreover, conducting clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of synthetic immunotherapy and diagnostic products represents a substantial portion of R&D costs. Clinical trials require extensive resources, including patient recruitment, data collection and analysis, and compliance with regulatory standards for Good Clinical Practice (GCP).

Key Questions Answered

  • How is the synthetic immunology market evolving?
  • What is driving and restraining the synthetic immunology market?
  • How will each synthetic immunology submarket segment grow over the forecast period and how much revenue will these submarkets account for in 2034?
  • How will the market shares for each synthetic immunology submarket develop from 2024 to 2034?
  • What will be the main driver for the overall market from 2024 to 2034?
  • Will leading synthetic immunology markets broadly follow the macroeconomic dynamics, or will individual national markets outperform others?
  • How will the market shares of the national markets change by 2034 and which geographical region will lead the market in 2034?
  • Who are the leading players and what are their prospects over the forecast period?
  • What are the synthetic immunology projects for these leading companies?
  • How will the industry evolve during the period between 2024 and 2034? What are the implications of synthetic immunology projects taking place now and over the next 10 years?
  • Is there a greater need for product commercialisation to further scale the synthetic immunology market?
  • Where is the synthetic immunology market heading and how can you ensure you are at the forefront of the market?
  • What are the best investment options for new product and service lines?
  • What are the key prospects for moving companies into a new growth path and C-suite?

You need to discover how this will impact the synthetic immunology market today, and over the next 10 years:

  • This 257-page report provides 102 tables and 148 charts/graphs exclusively to you.
  • The report highlights key lucrative areas in the industry so you can target them - NOW.
  • It contains in-depth analysis of global, regional and national sales and growth.
  • It highlights for you the key successful trends, changes and revenue projections made by your competitors.

Forecasts to 2034 and other analyses reveal commercial prospects

  • In addition to revenue forecasting to 2034, the new study provides you with recent results, growth rates, and market shares.
  • You will find original analyses, with business outlooks and developments.
  • Discover qualitative analyses (including market dynamics, drivers, opportunities, restraints and challenges), cost structure, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, PEST Analysis and recent developments.

Segments Covered in the Report

Type

  • Synthetic Antibodies
  • Synthetic Vaccines
  • Synthetic Adjuvants
  • Synthetic Immunomodulators
  • Others

Application

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Cancer
  • Allergies
  • Others

End-users

  • Hospitals
  • Clinics
  • Research Institutes
  • Others
In addition to the revenue predictions for the overall world market and segments, you will also find revenue forecasts for five regional and 20 leading national markets:

North America

  • U.S.
  • Canada

Europe

  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • Australia
  • South Korea
  • Singapore
  • Rest of Asia Pacific

Latin America

  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
  • Rest of Latin America

MEA

  • GCC
  • South Africa
  • Rest of MEA
The report also includes profiles and for some of the leading companies in the Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034, with a focus on this segment of these companies’ operations.

Leading companies profiled in the report

  • ADC Therapeutics
  • BioNTech SE
  • Camena Bioscience
  • CRISPR Therapeutics AG
  • Editas Medicine, Inc.
  • Evonetix Ltd.
  • GenScript Biotech Corporation
  • Ginkgo Bioworks
  • Inscripta, Inc.
  • Mammoth Biosciences
  • Mission Therapeutics
  • Moderna, Inc.
  • Sherlock Biosciences
  • Synlogic Therapeutics
  • Synthego

How will the Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034 report help you?

In summary, the 250+ page report provides you with the following knowledge:
  • Revenue forecasts to 2034 for Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034, with forecasts for type, application, end-users, each forecast at a global and regional level - discover the industry’s prospects, finding the most lucrative places for investments and revenues.
  • Revenue forecasts to 2034 for five regional and 24 key national markets - See forecasts for the Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034 market in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and MEA. Also forecasted is the market in the US, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, France, UK, Italy, China, India, Japan, and Australia among other prominent economies.
  • Prospects for established firms and those seeking to enter the market - including company profiles for 15 of the major companies involved in the Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034.
Find quantitative and qualitative analyses with independent predictions. Receive information that only this report contains, staying informed with invaluable business intelligence.

Information found nowhere else

With this new report, you are less likely to fall behind in knowledge or miss out on opportunities. See how this work could benefit your research, analyses, and decisions. This study is for everybody needing commercial analyses for the Synthetic Immunology Market, 2024 to 2034, market-leading companies. You will find data, trends and predictions.

Table of Contents

1 Report Overview
1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Introduction to Synthetic Immunology Market
1.3 What This Report Delivers
1.4 Why You Should Read This Report
1.5 Key Questions Answered by This Analytical Report
1.6 Who is This Report for?
1.7 Methodology
1.7.1 Market Definitions
1.7.2 Market Evaluation & Forecasting Methodology
1.7.3 Data Validation
1.7.3.1 Primary Research
1.7.3.2 Secondary Research
1.8 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1.9 Associated Reports
1.10 About the Publisher
2 Executive Summary
3 Market Overview
3.1 Key Findings
3.2 Market Dynamics
3.3 Impact Analysis
3.3.1 Market Driving Factors
3.3.1.1 Advancements in Biotechnology
3.3.1.2 Increasing Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
3.3.1.3 Rapid Growth in Cancer Immunotherapy
3.3.2 Market Restraining Factors
3.3.2.1 High Development Costs of Synthetic Immunology
3.3.2.2 Challenges in Regulatory Process
3.3.2.3 Ethical Considerations of Synthetic Immunology
3.3.3 Market Opportunities
3.3.3.1 Growing Demand of Personalized Medicine
3.3.3.2 Emerging Therapeutic Areas
3.3.3.3 Growing Synthetic Vaccine Development
3.4 Supply Chain Analysis
3.5 Regulatory Framework
3.6 Emerging Markets and Megatrends
3.7 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.7.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.7.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.7.3 Competitive Rivalry
3.7.4 Threat of Substitutes
3.7.5 Threat of New Entrants
3.8 PEST Analysis
4 Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis by Type
4.1 Key Findings
4.2 Type Segment: Market Attractiveness Index
4.3 Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Type
4.4 Synthetic Antibodies
4.4.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
4.4.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
4.5 Synthetic Vaccines
4.5.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
4.5.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
4.6 Synthetic Adjuvants
4.6.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
4.6.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
4.7 Synthetic Immunomodulators
4.7.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
4.7.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
4.8 Others
4.8.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
4.8.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
5 Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis by Application
5.1 Key Findings
5.2 Application Segment: Market Attractiveness Index
5.3 Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Application
5.4 Infectious Diseases
5.4.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
5.4.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
5.5 Autoimmune Diseases
5.5.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
5.5.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
5.6 Cancer
5.6.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
5.6.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
5.7 Allergies
5.7.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
5.7.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
5.8 Others
5.8.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
5.8.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
6 Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis by End-User
6.1 Key Findings
6.2 End-users Segment: Market Attractiveness Index
6.3 Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by End-User
6.4 Hospitals
6.4.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
6.4.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
6.5 Clinics
6.5.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
6.5.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
6.6 Research Institutes
6.6.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
6.6.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
6.7 Others
6.7.1 Market Size by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion)
6.7.2 Market Share by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
7 Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis by Region
7.1 Key Findings
7.2 Regional Market Size Estimation and Forecast
8 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
8.1 Key Findings
8.2 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
8.3 North America Synthetic Immunology Market by Country, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
8.4 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Country
8.5 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Type
8.6 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Application
8.7 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by End-User
8.8 U.S. Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
8.9 Canada Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.1 Key Findings
9.2 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
9.3 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market by Country, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
9.4 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Country
9.5 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Type
9.6 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Application
9.7 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by End-User
9.8 Germany Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.9 France Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.10 UK Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.11 Italy Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.12 Spain Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.13 Russia Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
9.14 Rest of Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.1 Key Findings
10.2 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
10.3 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market by Country, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
10.4 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Country
10.5 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Type
10.6 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Application
10.7 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by End-User
10.8 Japan Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.9 China Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.10 India Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.11 Australia Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.12 South Korea Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.13 Singapore Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
10.14 Rest of Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
11 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
11.1 Key Findings
11.2 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
11.3 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market by Country, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
11.4 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Country
11.5 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Type
11.6 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Application
11.7 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by End-User
11.8 Brazil Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
11.9 Mexico Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
11.10 Argentina Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
11.11 Colombia Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
11.12 Rest of Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
12 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
12.1 Key Findings
12.2 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
12.3 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market by Country, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
12.4 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Country
12.5 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Type
12.6 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by Application
12.7 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Size Estimation and Forecast by End-User
12.8 GCC Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
12.9 South Africa Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
12.10 Rest of MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Analysis
13 Company Profiles
13.1 Competitive Landscape, 2023
13.2 Strategic Outlook
13.3 ADC Therapeutics
13.3.1 Company Snapshot
13.3.2 Company Overview
13.3.3 Financial Analysis
13.3.3.1 Net Revenue, 2021-2023
13.3.3.2 R&D Expense, 2018-2023
13.3.4 Product Benchmarking
13.3.5 Strategic Outlook
13.3.6 SWOT Analysis
13.4 BioNTech SE
13.4.1 Company Snapshot
13.4.2 Company Overview
13.4.3 Financial Analysis
13.4.3.1 Net Revenue, 2018-2023
13.4.3.2 R&D Expense, 2018-2023
13.4.4 Product Benchmarking
13.4.5 Strategic Outlook
13.4.6 SWOT Analysis
13.5 CRISPR Therapeutics AG
13.5.1 Company Snapshot
13.5.2 Company Overview
13.5.3 Financial Analysis
13.5.3.1 Net Revenue, 2018-2023
13.5.4 Product Benchmarking
13.5.5 SWOT Analysis
13.6 Editas Medicine, Inc.
13.6.1 Company Snapshot
13.6.2 Company Overview
13.6.3 Financial Analysis
13.6.3.1 Net Revenue, 2018-2023
13.6.4 Product Benchmarking
13.6.5 Strategic Outlook
13.6.6 SWOT Analysis
13.7 Synthego
13.7.1 Company Snapshot
13.7.2 Company Overview
13.7.3 Product Benchmarking
13.7.4 SWOT Analysis
13.8 GenScript Biotech Corporation
13.8.1 Company Snapshot
13.8.2 Company Overview
13.8.3 Financial Analysis
13.8.3.1 Net Revenue, 2018-2023
13.8.4 Product Benchmarking
13.8.5 Strategic Outlook
13.8.6 SWOT Analysis
13.9 Ginkgo Bioworks
13.9.1 Company Snapshot
13.9.2 Company Overview
13.9.3 Product Benchmarking
13.9.4 Strategic Outlook
13.9.5 SWOT Analysis
13.10 Inscripta, Inc.
13.10.1 Company Snapshot
13.10.2 Company Overview
13.10.3 Product Benchmarking
13.10.4 Strategic Outlook
13.10.5 SWOT Analysis
13.11 Moderna, Inc.
13.11.1 Company Snapshot
13.11.2 Company Overview
13.11.3 Financial Analysis
13.11.3.1 Net Revenue, 2018-2023
13.11.3.2 R&D Expense, 2018-2023
13.11.4 Product Benchmarking
13.11.5 Strategic Outlook
13.11.6 SWOT Analysis
13.12 Synlogic Therapeutics
13.12.1 Company Snapshot
13.12.2 Company Overview
13.12.3 Product Benchmarking
13.12.4 SWOT Analysis
13.13 Evonetix Ltd.
13.13.1 Company Snapshot
13.13.2 Company Overview
13.13.3 Product Benchmarking
13.13.4 SWOT Analysis
13.14 Sherlock Biosciences
13.14.1 Company Snapshot
13.14.2 Company Overview
13.14.3 Product Benchmarking
13.14.4 SWOT Analysis
13.15 Mission Therapeutics
13.15.1 Company Snapshot
13.15.2 Company Overview
13.15.3 Product Benchmarking
13.15.4 SWOT Analysis
13.16 Camena Bioscience
13.16.1 Company Snapshot
13.16.2 Company Overview
13.16.3 Product Benchmarking
13.16.4 SWOT Analysis
13.17 Mammoth Biosciences
13.17.1 Company Snapshot
13.17.2 Company Overview
13.17.3 Product Benchmarking
13.17.4 SWOT Analysis
14 Conclusion and Recommendations
14.1 Concluding Remarks
14.2 Recommendations for Market Players
List of Tables
Table 1 Synthetic Immunology Market Snapshot, 2024 & 2034 (US$ Billion, CAGR %)
Table 2 Chronic Diseases Statistics, 2023
Table 3 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 4 Synthetic Antibodies Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 5 Synthetic Vaccines Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 6 Synthetic Adjuvants Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 7 Synthetic Immunomodulators Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 8 Others Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 9 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 10 Infectious Diseases Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 11 Autoimmune Diseases Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 12 Cancer Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 13 Allergies Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 14 Others Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 15 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 16 Hospitals Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 17 Clinics Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 18 Research Institutes Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 19 Others Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 20 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 21 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 22 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 23 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 24 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 25 U.S. Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 26 Canada Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 27 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 28 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 29 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 30 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 31 Germany Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 32 France Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 33 UK Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 34 Italy Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 35 Spain Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 36 Russia Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 37 Rest of Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 38 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 39 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 40 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 41 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 42 Japan Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 43 China Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 44 India Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 45 Australia Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 46 South Korea Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 47 Singapore Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 48 Rest of Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 49 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 50 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 51 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 52 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 53 Brazil Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 54 Mexico Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 55 Argentina Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 56 Colombia Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 57 Rest of Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 58 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 59 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 60 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 61 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 62 GCC Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 63 South Africa Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 64 Rest of MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR%, CAGR%)
Table 65 Strategic Outlook
Table 66 ADC Therapeutics: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 67 ADC Therapeutics: Product Benchmarking
Table 68 ADC Therapeutics: Strategic Outlook
Table 69 BioNTech SE: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 70 BioNTech SE: Product Benchmarking
Table 71 BioNTech SE: Strategic Outlook
Table 72 CRISPR Therapeutics AG: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 73 CRISPR Therapeutics AG: Product Benchmarking
Table 74 Editas Medicine, Inc.: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 75 Editas Medicine, Inc.: Product Benchmarking
Table 76 Editas Medicine, Inc.: Strategic Outlook
Table 77 Synthego: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 78 Synthego: Product Benchmarking
Table 79 GenScript Biotech Corporation: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 80 GenScript Biotech Corporation: Product Benchmarking
Table 81 GenScript Biotech Corporation: Strategic Outlook
Table 82 Ginkgo Bioworks: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 83 Ginkgo Bioworks: Product Benchmarking
Table 84 Ginkgo Bioworks: Strategic Outlook
Table 85 Inscripta, Inc.: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 86 Inscripta, Inc.: Product Benchmarking
Table 87 Inscripta, Inc.: Strategic Outlook
Table 88 Moderna, Inc.: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 89 Moderna, Inc.: Product Benchmarking
Table 90 Moderna, Inc.: Strategic Outlook
Table 91 Synlogic Therapeutics: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 92 Synlogic Therapeutics: Product Benchmarking
Table 93 Evonetix Ltd.: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 94 Evonetix Ltd.: Product Benchmarking
Table 95 Sherlock Biosciences: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 96 Sherlock Biosciences: Product Benchmarking
Table 97 Mission Therapeutics: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 98 Mission Therapeutics: Product Benchmarking
Table 99 Camena Bioscience: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 100 Camena Bioscience: Product Benchmarking
Table 101 Mammoth Biosciences: Key Details, (CEO, HQ, Revenue, Founded, No. of Employees, Company Type, Website, Business Segment)
Table 102 Mammoth Biosciences: Product Benchmarking
List of Figures
Figure 1 Synthetic Immunology Market Segmentation
Figure 2 Synthetic Immunology Market by Type: Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 3 Synthetic Immunology Market by Application: Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 4 Synthetic Immunology Market by End-User: Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 5 Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index by Region
Figure 6 Synthetic Immunology Market: Market Dynamics
Figure 7 Synthetic Immunology Market: Impact Analysis
Figure 8 Synthetic Immunology Market: Supply Chain Analysis
Figure 9 Synthetic Immunology Market: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Figure 10 Synthetic Immunology Market: PEST Analysis
Figure 11 Synthetic Immunology Market by Type: Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 12 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 13 Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Type, 2024, 2029, 2034 (%)
Figure 14 Synthetic Antibodies Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 15 Synthetic Antibodies Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 16 Synthetic Vaccines Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 17 Synthetic Vaccines Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 18 Synthetic Adjuvants Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 19 Synthetic Adjuvants Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 20 Synthetic Immunomodulators Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 21 Synthetic Immunomodulators Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 22 Others Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 23 Others Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 24 Synthetic Immunology Market by Application: Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 25 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 26 Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Application, 2024, 2029, 2034 (%)
Figure 27 Infectious Diseases Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 28 Infectious Diseases Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 29 Autoimmune Diseases Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 30 Autoimmune Diseases Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 31 Cancer Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 32 Cancer Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 33 Allergies Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 34 Allergies Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 35 Others Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 36 Others Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 37 Synthetic Immunology Market by End-users: Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 38 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 39 Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by End-User, 2024, 2029, 2034 (%)
Figure 40 Hospitals Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 41 Hospitals Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 42 Clinics Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 43 Clinics Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 44 Research Institutes Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 45 Research Institutes Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 46 Others Segment Market Forecast by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 47 Others Segment Market Share Forecast by Region, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 48 Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Region 2024 and 2034 (Revenue, CAGR%)
Figure 49 Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Region 2024, 2029, 2034 (%)
Figure 50 Synthetic Immunology Market by Region, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 51 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 52 North America Synthetic Immunology Market by Region, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
Figure 53 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 54 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Country, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 55 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 56 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Type, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 57 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 58 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Application, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 59 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 60 North America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by End-User, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 61 U.S. Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 62 Canada Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 63 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 64 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market by Region, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
Figure 65 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 66 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Country, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 67 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 68 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Type, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 69 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 70 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Application, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 71 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 72 Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by End-User, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 73 Germany Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 74 France Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 75 UK Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 76 Italy Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 77 Spain Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 78 Russia Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 79 Rest of Europe Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 80 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 81 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market by Region, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
Figure 82 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 83 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Country, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 84 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 85 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Type, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 86 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 87 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Application, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 88 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 89 Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by End-User, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 90 Japan Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 91 China Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 92 India Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 93 Australia Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 94 South Korea Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 95 Singapore Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 96 Rest of Asia Pacific Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 97 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 98 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market by Region, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
Figure 99 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 100 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Country, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 101 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 102 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Type, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 103 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 104 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Application, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 105 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 106 Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by End-User, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 107 Brazil Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 108 Mexico Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 109 Argentina Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 110 Colombia Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 111 Rest of Latin America Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 112 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Attractiveness Index
Figure 113 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market by Region, 2024, 2029 & 2034 (US$ Billion)
Figure 114 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Country, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 115 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Country, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 116 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Type, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 117 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Type, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 118 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by Application, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 119 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by Application, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 120 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast by End-User, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 121 MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Share Forecast by End-User, 2024 & 2034 (%)
Figure 122 GCC Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 123 South Africa Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 124 Rest of MEA Synthetic Immunology Market Forecast, 2024-2034 (US$ Billion, AGR %)
Figure 125 ADC Therapeutics: Net Revenue, 2021-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 126 ADC Therapeutics: R&D Expense, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 127 ADC Therapeutics: SWOT Analysis
Figure 128 BioNTech SE: Net Revenue, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 129 BioNTech SE: R&D Expense, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 130 BioNTech SE: SWOT Analysis
Figure 131 CRISPR Therapeutics AG: Net Revenue, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 132 CRISPR Therapeutics AG: SWOT Analysis
Figure 133 Editas Medicine, Inc.: Net Revenue, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 134 Editas Medicine, Inc.: SWOT Analysis
Figure 135 Synthego: SWOT Analysis
Figure 136 GenScript Biotech Corporation: Net Revenue, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 137 GenScript Biotech Corporation: SWOT Analysis
Figure 138 Ginkgo Bioworks: SWOT Analysis
Figure 139 Inscripta, Inc.: SWOT Analysis
Figure 140 Moderna, Inc.: Net Revenue, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 141 Moderna, Inc.: R&D Expense, 2018-2023 (US$ Million, AGR %)
Figure 142 Moderna, Inc.: SWOT Analysis
Figure 143 Synlogic Therapeutics: SWOT Analysis
Figure 144 Evonetix Ltd.: SWOT Analysis
Figure 145 Sherlock Biosciences: SWOT Analysis
Figure 146 Mission Therapeutics: SWOT Analysis
Figure 147 Camena Bioscience: SWOT Analysis
Figure 148 Mammoth Biosciences: SWOT Analysis

Companies Mentioned

  • ADC Therapeutics
  • BioNTech SE
  • Camena Bioscience
  • CRISPR Therapeutics AG
  • Editas Medicine, Inc.
  • Evonetix Ltd.
  • GenScript Biotech Corporation
  • Ginkgo Bioworks
  • Inscripta, Inc.
  • Mammoth Biosciences
  • Mission Therapeutics
  • Moderna, Inc.
  • Sherlock Biosciences
  • Synlogic Therapeutics
  • Synthego
  • Affibody
  • EpiBiome, Inc.
  • Iceni Diagnostics
  • Immmunex
  • Immunocore
  • JW Therapeutics
  • Lilium
  • Precision Biosciences
  • Sanofi S.A.
  • Telesis Bio
  • Twist Bioscience
  • Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
  • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
  • China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)
  • CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research)
  • European Medicines Agency (EMA)
  • European Union (EU)
  • Health Canada
  • French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)
  • Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  • World Health Organization (WHO)

Related Topics

Related Reports

Immunology Biosimilars Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Indication (Arthritis, Irritable Bowel Disease, Other Indications), By Distribution Channel, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2020-2030) - Product Image

Immunology Biosimilars Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Indication (Arthritis, Irritable Bowel Disease, Other Indications), By Distribution Channel, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2020-2030)

  • Report
  • 202 Pages
  • Global
From
Flow Cytometry in Oncology & Immunology Market by Type, Technology, Product & Service, End User - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Flow Cytometry in Oncology & Immunology Market by Type, Technology, Product & Service, End User - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 190 Pages
  • Global
From
Flow Cytometry in Oncology and Immunology Global Market Report 2024 - Product Image

Flow Cytometry in Oncology and Immunology Global Market Report 2024

  • Report
  • 175 Pages
  • Global
From
Infectious Immunology Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type - Product Image

Infectious Immunology Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type

  • Report
  • 78 Pages
  • Global
From
Immunology Market By Product Type: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2024-2033 - Product Image

Immunology Market By Product Type: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2024-2033

  • Report
  • 231 Pages
  • Global
From
Copyright © 2002-2024 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.