Emerging Approaches to Tackle Neglected Diseases: From Molecule to End Product

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Neglected Tropical Diseases
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology and Risk Factors
2.1. Buruli Ulcer
2.2. Chikungunya
2.3. Chagas Disease
2.4. Dengue Fever
2.5. Human African Trypanosomiasis
2.6. Leishmaniasis
2.7. Lymphatic Filariasis
2.8. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis
2.9. Onchocerciasis
2.10. Scabies
2.11. Schistosomiasis
2.12. Trachoma
2.13. Rabies
2.14. Dracunculiasis (Or Guinea Worm Disease)
2.15. Leprosy
3. Recommendations

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 2 Strategies to Overcome the Impact of Neglected Diseases on the World
1. Introduction
2. Impact of Ndts
2.1. To Defeat the Impact of Ndts on World’S Health and Economy
2.1.1. Mass Drug Administration (Mda)
2.1.2. Improved Sanitation and Hygiene
2.1.3. Vector Control
2.1.4. Vaccination Programs
2.1.5. Health Education and Community Engagement
2.2. The Global Plan Focused on Four Main Pillars
2.2.1. Preventive Chemotherapy
2.2.2. Innovative and Intensified Disease Management
2.2.3. Vector Control and Vector-Borne Diseases
2.2.4. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (Wash)
3. Global Goals
3.1. Who-2012:Implementation of Roadmap
3.2. London Declaration on the Neglected Tropical Diseases
3.3. Sdg 3: End of Ntds Epidemic
3.4. U.S. Government Efforts
3.5. Multidimensional and Other Efforts
3.6. Funding
4. COVID-19 and Impact on Ntds

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 3 Current Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Leprosy
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology
2.1. Etiologic Agent, the Mycobacterium Leprae (M. Leprae)
2.2. Genetic Determinants of Host Response
2.3. Transmission of Leprosy
2.4. Risk Factors
2.5. Interaction of M. Leprae With Schwann Cells and Macrophages
2.6. Clinical Signs and Classifications
2.6.1. Tuberculoid Leprosy
2.6.2. Lepromatous Leprosy
2.6.3. Borderline Leprosy
2.7. Diagnosis of Leprosy
2.8. Leprosy Treatment Approaches
2.9. Issues and Challenges of Leprosy Treatment

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 4 Emerging Therapy for Dengue
1. Introduction
1.1. Classification
2. Etiopathogenesis
2.1. Symptoms and Signs
2.2. Bioanalysis Methods for Anti-Dengue Activity
2.2.1. Pre-Clinical
2.2.2. Clinical
2.3. Treatment
2.3.1. Symptomatic Management
2.3.2. Management of the Critical Phase
2.3.3. Fluid Resuscitation
2.3.4. Blood Products
2.3.5. Immunomodulation
2.3.6. Corticosteroids
2.3.7. Intravenous Immunoglobulins
2.3.8. Other Supportive
2.3.9. Nucleoside Analogues
2.3.10. Rna Dependant Rna Polymerase(Ns5) Inhibitor
2.3.11. Protease(Ns2B-Ns3) Inhibitors
2.3.12. Quinoline Containing Compounds
2.3.13. Ns4B Inhibitor
2.3.14. Host Modulators
3. Ribavirin
3.1. Mycophenolic Acid
3.2. Α Glycosidase Inhibitors
3.3. Lovastatin
3.4. Host Kinase Inhibitors
3.5. Heparin and Heparan Sulfate
3.6. Interferon
3.7. D4 Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
3.8. Pentoxifylline
3.9. Ivermectin
4. Chloroquine
4.1. Rnai
4.2. Medicinal Plant Derivatives

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 5 Lymphatic Filariasis and Dracunculiasis
1. Introduction
2. Causes and Transmission
3. Lifecycle
4. Clinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Filariasis
4.1. Acute Disease
4.2. Chronic Disease
5. Pathogenesis
6. Diagnosis
7. Approaches to Control and Eliminate Through Mda
8. Who Recommendations for Mda to Eliminate Lymphatic
Filariasis
9. Future Considerations
10. Risk Factors
11. Introduction to Dracunculiasis
11.1. Genus Dracunculus
11.2. Species of Dracunculus
11.3. Dracunculus Insignis
11.4. Dracunculus Lutrae
11.5. Dracunculus Fuelleborn
12. Transmission
13. Current Status in India
14. Global Situation
15. Eradication of Guinea Worms in India
16. Life Cycle and Clinical Impact
17. Areas of Eruption
18. Diagnostic Feature
19. Treatment
20. Economic Impact
21. The Road to Eradication

• Concluding Remarks
• References

Chapter 6 Current Therapeutic Strategies for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis
1. Introduction
2. Clinical Features of Helminthiasis
2.1. Mode of Transmission of Helminth Infection
2.2. Nutritional Effects of Helminthiasis
2.3. Diagnosis of Sth
2.4. Pathophysiology of Sth
2.5. Therapeutic Strategies for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis
2.6. Different Drug Administration Strategies
2.7. Drugs Recommended by Who for the Treatment of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases
2.8. Risk Groups for Infection
2.9. The Intervention of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis
2.10. Ayurvedic Strategies for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases
2.11. Prevention of Helminth Infection
2.11.1. Health Education
2.11.2. Regular Treatment
2.11.3. Sanitation
3. Future Aspects

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 7 Current Therapeutic Strategies for Neurocysticercosis and Leshmaniasis
1. Introduction
2. The Parasite
3. Clinical Manifestation
4. Diagnosis and Treatment of Ncc
4.1. Conventional Diagnosis
4.1.1. Excision Biopsy
4.1.2. Neuroimaging
4.1.3. Methods for Immunological Diagnosis Based on Blood or Serum
4.1.4. Antigen Detection Tests
4.2. Novel Methods of Diagnosis
4.2.1. Fast Imaging Utilizing Consistent State Securing
4.2.2. Microscopic Assessment of Defecation for Taenia Eggs
4.2.3. Dna-Based Methods
4.3. Management of Ncc
4.3.1. Surgery
5. Current Medications for Ncc Treatment
5.1. Corticosteroids
5.2. Antiepileptic Drugs
5.3. Praziquantel (Biltricide, Cysticide, Prazisan)
5.4. Albendazole
5.5. Combination Regimen
6. Limitations/Drawbacks of Currently Used Drugs
7. Future Problems and Their Answers
7.1. Leishmaniasis
7.1.1. Introduction
7.1.2. Epidemiology
7.1.3. Causative Agent
7.1.4. Diagnosis
7.1.5. Pathophysiology/Life Cycle of Leishmania
7.1.6. Types and Clinical Manifestations

Author

• Prerna Sharma
• Sumeet Gupta
• Hitesh Malhotra
• Bhawna Chopra