This book explores a revolutionary sensing technique called Indicator Displacement Assays (IDAs). It is designed to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual foundation and wide-ranging applications of IDAs. The book aims to fulfill a crucial gap in the existing references on the subject.
The content starts by explaining fundamental concepts, design strategies, and the scope of IDAs. Subsequent chapters elaborate on the intricate molecular recognition of various analytes, offering insights into sensing mechanisms for cationic, anionic, and neutral molecules. The design and construction of colorimetric, fluorescence, and metal complexing IDAs are also thoroughly explored in later chapters, followed by recent extensions of IDAs, including enantioselective indicator displacement assays, intramolecular indicator displacement assays, reaction-based indicator displacement assays, and more. Innovative applications of IDAs, such as sensory arrays and electrochemical sensors, are also discussed in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of their conceptual foundations and practical implementations.
The book is a primer on IDAs for researchers who want to understand the fundamentals of the technique, as well as postgraduate students aiming to specialize in supramolecular and analytical chemistry.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Background and Basic Concepts of Indicator Displacement Assays
1. Introduction
2. Commonly Used Synthetic Receptors and Indicators for The Design of Idas
3. Various Physical and Chemical Phenomena Involved in Chemical Sensing
3.1. Photoinduced Electron Transfer (Pet)
3.2. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (Fret)
3.3. Charge-Transfer (Ct)
3.4. Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (Esipt)
3.5. Photon Upconversion (Uc)
3.6. Aggregation-Induced Emission (Aie)
4. Classification of Chemical Sensors
4.1. Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors
4.2. Thermometric Sensors
4.3. Optical Sensors
5. Usefulness and Applications of Indicator Displacement Assays
6. Ida-Based Thermodynamic Equilibrium
7. Role of Intermolecular Interactions in Designing Idas
7.1. Hydrogen Bonding (H-Bonding)
7.2. Halogen Bonding
7.3. Cation-Π and Anion-Π Interactions
7.4. Ch-Π and Π -Π Stacking Interactions
7.5. Van Der Waals Interactions
8. Design Strategies of Idas
9. Supramolecular Tandem Assays
10. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ida-Based Sensors
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 2 Colorimetric Indicator Displacement Assays (C-Idas)
1. Introduction
2. Chromogenic Sensing Ensemble
2.1. Thermodynamic Equilibrium
2.2. Molecular Design Setup and Environmental Factors
2.3. Signal Transduction Mechanism
3. Classification of Sensing Ensembles
3.1. Two-Component Sensing Ensembles
3.2. Three-Component Sensing Ensembles
3.3. Multicomponent Sensing Ensembles
3.4. Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Sensing Ensembles
4. C-Ida Based Anion Sensors
4.1. Phosphate Anion Sensors
5. C-Ida Based Cation Sensors
6. C-Ida Based Saccharide Sensors
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 3 Fluorescence Indicator Displacement Assays (F-Idas)
1. Introduction
2. F-Ida Based Anion Sensors
2.1. Phosphate Anion F-Ida Sensors
2.2. Sensors for Fluoride, Bicarbonate and Citrate Ions
3. Sensors for Saccharides
4. Sensors for Biomarkers
5. Sensors for Pharmacological Drugs
6. Sensors for Neurotransmitters
7. Sensors for Explosives and Toxic Substances
8. Sensors for Peptides and Metabolic Waste Products
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 4 Metal Complexing Indicator Displacement Assays (M-Idas)
1. Introduction
2. M-Ida Based Sensors for Phosphate and Other Vital Anions
3. Sensors for the Saccharides, Warfare Agents and Biomarkers
4. Sensors for Amino Acids, Neurotransmitters, Sulfides, and T-DNA
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 5 Recent Extensions of Ida-Based Sensing Protocols
1. Introduction
2. Enantioselective Indicator Displacement Assays (E-Idas)
3. Indicator Catalyst Displacement Assay (Icda)
4. Intramolecular Indicator Displacement Assays (I-Idas)
5. Reaction Based Indicator Displacement Assays (R-Idas)
6. Allosteric Indicator Displacement Assay (A-Ida)
7. Mechanically Controlled Indicator Displacement Assays (Mc- Idas)
8. Dimer Dye Assembly Assay (Dda)
9. Quencher Displacement Assay (Qda)
10. Catalytic Chemosensing Assay (Cca)
- Conclusion and Outlook
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 6 Ida-Based Differential Sensory Arrays and Assays
1. Introduction
2. Ida Operated Single Analyte Sensing Verses Differential Sensing
3. Sensory Array Experimental Data Analysis
4. Differential Sensing of Atp and Glycosaminoglycans
5. Differential Sensing of Proteins, Amino Acids and Glycoproteins
6. Differential Sensing of Organophosphates and Other Vital Anions
7. Differential Sensing of Saccharides and Metabolites
8. Differential Sensing of Polyphenols and Ginsenosides
9. Ida-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Sensory Arrays
- Conclusion and Outlook
- References
Chapter 7 Electrochemical Sensors Based on Indicator Displacement Assays
1. Introduction
2. Types of Electrochemical Sensors
2.1. Potentiometric Sensors
2.1.1. Ion-Selective Electrodes (Ises)
2.1.2. Coated Wire Electrodes (Cwes)
2.1.3. Ion Selective Field Effect Transistors (Isfet)
2.2. Amperometric Sensors
2.3. Conductometric Sensors
3. Techniques Used in Electrochemical Sensing
3.1. Voltammetry
3.1.1. Sweep Type Methods
3.1.2. Polarographic Techniques
3.2. Amperometry
3.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
4. Ida Based Electrochemical Sensors for Saccharides
5. Ida-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarkers
6. Miscellaneous Examples
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
List of Abbreviations
Subject Index
Author
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather
- Rashid Ali
