Public Transportation in Kenya provides an in-depth examination of the significant challenges faced by Kenya’s public transportation system, using a phenomenological approach to highlight the real-world experiences of commuters and stakeholders. The book addresses two primary goals: to explain the severe impact of transportation issues on millions of Kenyans, including loss of livelihoods, disabilities, and fatalities, and to propose solutions aimed at reducing road traffic accidents and improving overall transportation safety.
The chapters begin with a review of Kenya's transport studies and current state, followed by an analysis of road traffic accident data and contributing factors. Subsequent sections explore the inadequacies in infrastructure, traffic law and enforcement, and the challenges posed by incomplete data collection. The book also details an innovative study using data mining and natural language processing (NLP) on over one million traffic-related tweets to uncover commuter trends and driver behaviors. The final set of chapters presents comprehensive recommendations for improving road safety, enhancing infrastructure, and reforming policing practices to better manage traffic and transportation issues.
Key features of this book include the use of both structured and unstructured data for a robust analysis, practical solutions for policymakers, and an innovative methodological approach utilizing NLP and data mining to analyze the issues presented. References and summaries are also provided in each chapter to make information accessible. These elements make the book a valuable resource for researchers, academics, policymakers, transportation professionals, and anyone interested in the socio-economic impacts of public transportation in Kenya and other African countries.
Public Transportation in Kenya is essential reading for those looking to understand and address the critical transportation challenges that affect millions daily, providing insights and solutions that can lead to safer and more efficient transport systems.
Readership
All readers who want to understand transportation issues in Kenya: students, general readers, researchers, professionals and policymakers in the field of urban planning and transportation.
Table of Contents
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1.2. Transport Issues in Kenya in the Last Decade
1.3. Study Objectives
1.4. Contribution of the Work Towards SDGs
1.4.1. Policy Review Geared Toward Climate Action
1.4.2. Impacts of Transport on Health and Healthcare Services
1.4.3. Assessment of Economic Output from the Transport Sector
1.4.4. Equality and Inclusivity in the Transport Sector
1.5. Currently Existing Interventions
1.5.1. Digitization of Traffic Management
1.5.2. SMARTTRANS Project
1.5.3. ZUSHA Campaign
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 DATA COLLECTION METHODS
2. DATA COLLECTION METHODS
2.1. Data Acquisition
2.1.1. NTSA Data
2.1.2. Twitter Data
2.1.3. Survey Data
2.2. Data Curation
2.2.1. Daily Report Data Preparation
2.2.2. Fatal Reports Data Preparation
2.2.3. Speeding Report Data Preparation
2.2.4. Twitter Data Preparation
2.3. Data Processing
2.3.1. Quantitative Data Process
2.3.2. Natural Language Processing (NLP) Techniques
2.3.3. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
2.3.4. Structural Topic Modelling (STM)
2.4. Analysis
2.4.1. LDA Topic Modelling from Fatal Reports
2.4.2. Aggregate Fatalities from Daily Reports
2.4.3. Aggregate from Tweets
2.4.4. Topic Modelling from Tweets
2.5. What Can Improve Public Transport
2.5.1. Thematic Analysis (Coding)
2.5.2. Topic Modelling (STM Model)
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 ROAD ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY STATISTICS
3. ROAD ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY STATISTICS
3.1. National Police Service (NPS) - National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) Accident Reports
3.2. Causes of Road Accidents
3.2.1. NTSA Reported Causes
3.2.2. Inferring Causes from NLP
3.2.3. Causes of Accidents from Survey
3.3. Severity of Road Accidents
3.3.1. Average Injuries and Fatalities
3.3.2. Vulnerable Road Users
3.3.3. Unreported Accidents and Collisions
3.4. Emergency Responses and Disaster Mitigation Steps
3.4.1. Contribution of Intervening Groups in Traffic Accidents
3.4.2. Ranking of Emergency Preparedness
3.5. Accident Through the Eyes of a Survivor
3.5.1. Analysis and Lessons
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Potential Limitations of the Section
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 POLICING (LAW ENFORCEMENT) AND POLICIES ON KENYAN ROADS 83
4. POLICING (LAW ENFORCEMENT) AND POLICIES ON KENYAN ROADS
4.1. Major Players in Policing Related Issues
4.2. Traffic Act
4.2.1. Encroachment on and Damage to Roads (Section 91)
4.2.2. Removal of Vehicles from the Road (Section 106)
4.2.3. Driver Demerit Points (Traffic Act Section 117)
4.2.4. What is Missing
4.2.5. Case Study: Drunk Driving in Kenya
4.3. Monitoring Strategy
4.3.1. Traffic Crackdowns
4.3.2. Insufficient Personnel and Corruption
4.3.3. Traffic Checkpoints
4.4. The General Public’s Attitude
4.4.1. Perception of Law Enforcement Efforts
4.4.2. Willingness to Engage in Unlawful Activities
4.5. Crimes Targeting Road Users
4.5.1. Police Reported Crimes
4.5.2. Crimes Targeting Passenger/Pedestrian
4.5.3. Crimes Targeting Motor-Vehicles
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5 ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRAFFIC FLOW
5. ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRAFFIC FLOW
5.1. Road Construction Works
5.1.1. Management of Roads
5.1.2. Road Inventory
5.1.3. Completed and Ongoing Road Projects
5.2. Road Infrastructural Issues
5.2.1. Illegal Structures on Roads
5.2.2. Confiscation of Road Resources
5.2.3. Inclusivity and Accessibility of Roads
5.2.4. Destruction of Road Resources- Accidents and Vandalism
5.2.5. Garbage, Illegal Dumping, and Poor Sewer Systems
5.3. Data Insights of the Events that Shape Road Infrastructure in Kenya
5.3.1. Impediments of Weather on the Roads
5.4. Traffic Flow and Congestion - Causes
5.4.1. Improper Road Usage - Breaking of Traffic Rules
5.4.2. Management of Traffic Flow
5.5. Proposed Solution
5.5.1. Control of CBD Entry/Exit Through SACCOs
5.5.2. Public Participation in Road Resource Development
5.5.3. Alternative Mobility and Pedestrianization
5.5.4. Other Remedies
CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6 PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLE - MATATUS AND BODABODAS
6. PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLE - MATATUS AND BODABODAS
6.1. Prevalence of PSVs on the Roads
6.2. New and used Vehicle Fleets and their Implications
6.2.1. Active Years (Mileage) and Emissions
6.2.2. Vehicle Age vs Pollution
6.2.3. Vehicle Age vs Accident
6.3. Passengers and other Road Users
6.3.1. PSV and Accidents
6.3.2. Maltreatment/Harassment of Road Users
6.3.3. Matatu Operator/Owner Dynamics
6.4. Bodabodas
6.4.1. Flaunting Traffic Rules
6.4.2. Perpetrating, Aiding and Abetting of Crimes
6.4.3. Noise and other Pollution from Motorcycles
6.5. Output From PSV Industry
6.5.1. Economic Output of PSVs
6.5.2. Boda-boda as an Employment for the Youths
6.6. Do We Have True PSVs
6.7. Recommendations
6.7.1. Road User Safety Concerns
6.7.2. Pollution (Noise and Air)
6.7.3. Second-hand Fleet Vehicles
6.7.4. Enhancing Passenger Experience
6.7.5. Incorporation of Modern and Emerging Technologies
6.7.6. Alternative Modes of Transit
CONCLUSION
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7 INTEGRATING AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
7. INTEGRATING AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
7.1. Needs Assessment of Kenyan Transport Systems
7.1.1. Data Collection and Reporting Challenges
7.1.2. Accident/ Emergency Challenges
7.1.3. Policing and Policy Challenges
7.1.4. Road Infrastructure Development Challenge
7.1.5. Challenges in PSV operations
7.2. Digitalised ITS Model
7.2.1. Data Collection using In-vehicle Sensors
7.2.2. Proposed Integrated System
CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1. Conclusion
8.2. Recommendation
8.3. Limitations
SUBJECT INDEX
Author
- Joseph Kamau Muguro
- Paul Waweru Njeri
- Minoru Sasaki
