PEATE'S BODY SYSTEMS
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A CONCISE, ILLUSTRATED, AND ACCESSIBLE GUIDE TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Each of the twelve volumes in Peate's Body Systems series is rooted in the belief that a deep and thorough understanding of the human body is essential for providing the highest standard of care. Offering clear, accessible and up-to-date information on different body systems, this series bridges the gap between complex scientific concepts and practical, everyday applications in health and care settings. This series makes for an invaluable resource for those committed to understanding the intricacies of human biology, physiology and the various systems that sustain life.
The Respiratory System is the perfect companion for students and newly registered practitioners across nursing and allied health fields with an interest in respiratory care, providing a comprehensive yet easy-to-digest guide for both academic and clinical application.
- Equips healthcare students and practitioners with the necessary information to provide safe and competent care
- Features colourful illustrations to aid comprehension, clarify complicated concepts, and render content more engaging and accessible
- Empowers readers to adapt to a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, preparing them for the future of healthcare delivery
- Contains information necessary for effective patient care of those with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases and conditions
Table of Contents
Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
1 Anatomy and Physiology: The Respiratory System 1
The Respiratory System 1
The Upper Respiratory Tract 2
The Lower Respiratory Tract 3
Blood Supply 7
Respiration 8
Pulmonary Ventilation 8
External Respiration 11
Ventilation and Perfusion 12
Transportation of Gases 12
Internal Respiration 14
Conclusion 14
Glossary of Terms 15
Multiple Choice Questions 16
References 17
2 Respiratory Assessment 18
Airway Obstruction 18
Rapid Breathing Assessment 18
Objective and Subjective Data 22
Vital Signs 22
Assessing Respirations 23
Oxygen Saturations 24
The Patient History 25
Cough 26
The Physical Examination 27
Interpretation of the Findings 37
Conclusion 37
Glossary of Terms 37
Multiple Choice Questions 38
References 39
3 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 41
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 41
Epidemiology 43
Risk Factors 44
Clinical Presentation 45
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 46
Management 49
Health Teaching 51
Conclusion 53
Glossary of Terms 53
Multiple Choice Questions 54
References 55
4 Asthma 57
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Asthma 57
Asthma Triggers 60
Epidemiology 62
Risk Factors 62
Clinical Presentation 63
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 65
Management 68
Status Asthmaticus 69
Health Teaching 71
Inhalers 72
Spacers (Aerosol Holding Chambers) 73
Conclusion 74
Glossary of Terms 74
Multiple Choice Questions 75
References 76
5 Pneumonia 78
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Pneumonia 78
Community-Acquired Pneumonia 79
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia 79
Pathophysiology 79
Epidemiology 81
Risk Factors 81
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia 83
Clinical Presentation 84
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 85
Management 86
Risk Stratification 86
Supportive Measures 87
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia 87
Nebulisers 88
Advising Patients on Nebuliser Use 91
Care Provision 92
Health Teaching 93
Conclusion 93
Glossary of Terms 93
Multiple Choice Questions 94
References 96
6 Lung Cancer 97
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Lung Cancer 97
Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma 97
Epidemiology 98
Risk Factors 99
Clinical Presentation 100
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 101
Staging and Grading 103
Tumour, Node and Metastasis Staging 104
Management 106
Rapid Diagnostic Centres 107
Surgery 108
Radiation Therapy with Curative Intent 108
Palliative Radiation Treatment 108
Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy 108
Laser Therapy, Cryotherapy and Tracheobronchial Stents 108
Palliative Care 109
Health Teaching 109
Conclusion 109
Glossary of Terms 110
Multiple Choice Questions 111
References 112
7 Tuberculosis 114
Notifiable Diseases 114
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with TB 115
Aetiology of TB 116
Stages or Forms of TB 117
Primary TB infection 117
Latent TB 117
Active TB Disease 118
Reactivation of TB 118
Epidemiology 119
Risk Factors 119
Clinical Presentation 121
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 121
Management 123
Health Teaching 125
BCG Immunisation Programme 126
Conclusion 126
Glossary of Terms 127
Multiple Choice Questions 127
References 128
8 Pulmonary Embolism 130
Deep Vein Thrombosis 130
Venous Thromboembolism 130
Virchow’s Triad 130
Thrombogenesis 131
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with PE 133
Prognosis 135
Epidemiology 135
Risk Factors 136
Clinical Presentation 136
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 138
Management 140
Urgent Care 140
General Management 140
Anticoagulants 141
Health Teaching 142
Conclusion 143
Glossary of Terms 143
Multiple Choice Questions 144
References 145
MCQ Answers 147
Index 148
