AVIAN
Quick reference to essential information on 200 diseases and conditions commonly seen in birds in clinical practice
Covering topics ranging from infectious and non-infectious diseases to diseases by organ system, Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian fills a unique niche by providing comprehensive information on common topics in avian medicine in a highly organized and efficient manner, allowing busy practitioners and students to quickly find much needed information. A companion website provides algorithms, procedure guides, and client education handouts, which can be downloaded, edited, and given to clients.
Written by the leading experts in the field, this newly revised Second Edition offers close to 200 identically formatted topics on avian conditions, with updated and expanded information on non-infectious disease topics like neoplasia, beak malocclusion, diseases of the bursa, nails, and tongue, among others, and infectious disease topics such as herpesviruses, helminthiasis, arboviruses and backyard poultry infectious diseases. This latest edition has been expanded by more than 50% and numerous subjects have been restructured and expanded. Other topics covered in Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian include: - Viral Diseases including circovirus, bornavirus, avian influenza, west nile virus, polyomavirus, poxvirus, and herpesviruses- Bacterial Diseases including colibacillosis, campylobacteriosis, chlamydiosis, pasteurellosis, clostridiosis, salmonellosis, and mycoplasmosis- Fungal Diseases including aspergillosis, candidiasis, and macrorhabdosis- Parasites including flagellates, coccidia, myiasis, ectoparasites, helminths, and toxicosis including iatrogenic, ingested, airborne, algal biotoxins, heavy metals, and pesticides- Orthopedic and traumatic conditions such as beak injuries, neurologic trauma, fractures, luxations, joint diseases and wounds, with neoplasia by organ system- Critical Care including hypotension, respiratory distress, seizures, hemorrhage, pain, and internal medicine including cardiac disease, cloacal diseases, ocular diseases, diabetes insipidus, atherosclerosis and thyroid diseases
For veterinary students, busy avian practitioners, practitioners in mixed practice who want quick access to reliable information, and emergency clinicians presented with the occasional bird, Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian is an invaluable, accessible, and highly practical reference to add to your practice library.
Table of Contents
Contributors xvi
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xx
About the Companion Website xxi
Topics
Adenoviruses 1
Adrenal Gland Diseases 4
Aggression see Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming (374)
Air Sac Mites 8
Air Sac Rupture 10
Airborne toxicosis see Toxicosis (Airborne) (434)
Algal Biotoxins 13
Amyloidosis 15
Anemia 17
Angel Wing 20
Angular Limb Deformity (Splay Leg) 22
Anorexia 24
Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis see Toxicosis (Anticoagulant Rodenticides) (436)
Arboviruses see Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses; Usutu Virus; (145)
West Nile Virus (478)
Arthritis see Joint Diseases (241)
Ascites 27
Aspergillosis 30
Aspiration Pneumonia 33
Atherosclerosis 36
Atoxoplasmosis see Coccidiosis (Systemic) (104)
Avian Influenza 40
Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy 43
Avocado poisoning see Toxins (Ingested, Gastrointestinal) (448)
Avulaviruses see Othoavulaviruses (323)
Baylisascaris see Neural Larva Migrans (300)
Beak Injuries 45
Beak Malocclusion (Lateral Beak Deformity) 48
Beak Malocclusion (Mandibular Prognathism) 51
Behavior see Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming (374)
Bite wounds see Wounds (Including Bite Wounds, Predator Attacks) (481)
Bordetellosis 53
Bornaviral Disease (Aquatic Birds) 56
Bornaviral Disease (Psittaciformes) 58
Botulism 62
Brachial Plexus Injury 64
Brain tumors see Neoplasia (Neurological) (305)
Bumblefoot see Pododermatitis (358)
Bursa of Fabricius Diseases 66
Campylobacteriosis 70
Candidiasis 72
Capture Myopathy (Exertional Rhabdomyolysis) 74
Cardiac disease see Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Diseases (114)
Carbamate toxicity see Toxicosis (Environmental, Pesticides) (439)
Central nervous system tumors see Neoplasia (Neurological) (290)
Cere and Skin Color Changes 77
Cervicocephalic diverticulum rupture see Air Sac Rupture (10)
Chlamydiosis 79
Cholera see Pasteurellosis (345)
Chronic Egg Laying 82
Circovirus (Psittacines) 85
Circoviruses (Non- Psittacine Birds) 87
Cloacal bursa diseases see Bursa of Fabricius Diseases (66)
Cloacal Diseases 89
Cloacal Prolapse 92
Clostridiosis 95
Coagulopathies and Coagulation 98
Coccidiosis (Intestinal) 101
Coccidiosis (Systemic) 104
Coelomic Distension 107
Colibacillosis 111
Congestive Heart Failure 114
Conjunctivitis see Ocular Lesions (313)
Constricted toe see Toe and Nails (Diseases of) (426)
Coxiellosis 116
Crop Burn 118
Crop stasis see Ileus (Functional Gastrointestinal, Crop Stasis) (233)
Cryptococcosis 120
Cryptosporidiosis 122
Degenerative joint disease see Joint Diseases (241)
Dehydration [see also Hypotension] 125
Dermatitis 127
Diabetes Insipidus 130
Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia 132
Diarrhea 134
Discospondylitis 136
Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia 139
Dyspnea see Respiratory Distress (386)
Dystocia and Egg Binding 142
Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses (EEV/WEEV) 145
Ectoparasites (Mites) 148
Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, Dipterans) 151
Egg Abnormalities 154
Egg binding see Dystocia and Egg Binding (142)
Egg Yolk and Reproductive Coelomitis 158
Electrocution 160
Emaciation 162
Embryonic death/hatching failure see Egg Abnormalities (154)
Endoparasites see Helminthiasis; Coccidiosis; Neural Larva Migrans (300)
Enteritis and Gastritis 165
Enterococcal spondylitis see Discospondylitis (136)
Exertional rhabdomyolysis see Capture Myopathy (74)
Feather Cyst 168
Feather- Damaging and Self- Injurious Behavior 170
Feather Disorders 174
Flagellate Enteritis [see also Trichomoniasis] 177
Foreign Bodies (Gastrointestinal) 180
Foreign Bodies (respiratory) see Tracheal Diseases (457)
Fractures 183
Frostbite see Hypothermia (231)
Gastrointestinal foreign bodies see Foreign Bodies (Gastrointestinal) (180)
Gastritis see Enteritis and Gastritis (165)
Giardiasis see Flagellate Enteritis (177)
Goiter see Thyroid Diseases (424)
Gout see Renal Disease and Hyperuricemia (380)
Head trauma see Neurologic Trauma (305)
Heart failure see Congestive Heart Failure (114)
Heat Stroke 186
Heavy metal toxicity see Toxicosis (Heavy Metals) (443)
Helminthiasis (Body Cavity and Cardiovascular) 188
Helminthiasis (Gastrointestinal) 190
Helminthiasis (Neurological) see Neural Larva Migrans (300)
Helminthiasis (Respiratory) 193
Hemochromatosis see Iron Storage Disease (239)
Hemoparasites 196
Hemorrhage 199
Hepatic Lipidosis 203
Hepatitis see Liver Disease (250)
Hernia/Pseudohernia 206
Herpesvirus (chicken) see Marek’s Disease; (261)
Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens (389)
Herpesvirus (Columbid Herpesvirus 1 in Pigeons and Raptors) 208
Herpesvirus (Duck Viral Enteritis) 210
Herpesvirus (Passerine Birds) 213
Herpesvirus (Psittacid Herpesviruses) 215
Histomoniasis 218
Horner Syndrome 220
Hypercholesterolemia see Dyslipidemia (139)
Hyperglycemia see Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia (132)
Hyperlipidemia see Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia (139)
Hyperparathyroidism see Metabolic Bone Disease (263)
Hyperthermia see Heat Stroke (186)
Hyperuricemia 222
Hypocalcemia (and Hypomagnesemia) 225
Hypotension and Hypovolemia 228
Hypothermia 231
Hypothyroidism see Thyroid Diseases (424)
Hypovitaminosis A see Nutritional Imbalances (308)
Ileus (Functional Gastrointestinal, Crop Stasis) 233
Infectious bronchitis see Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens (389)
Infectious laryngotracheitis see Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens (389)
Infertility 236
Ingested toxicosis see Toxicosis (Ingested) (448)
Ingluvial hypomotility see Ileus (Functional Gastrointestinal, Crop Stasis) (233)
Iron Storage Disease 239
Joint Diseases 241
Knemidocoptic mites see Ectoparasites (Mites) (148)
Lameness 243
Lead see Toxicosis (Heavy Metals) (443)
Leukemia see Neoplasia (284)
Leukocytosis 247
Leukosis virus (avian) see Retroviruses in Galliformes (393)
Lice see Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, Dipterans) (151)
Lipoma see Neoplasia (Integument) (284) Liver Disease 250
Lung Diseases [see also Pneumonia; Toxicosis (Airborne and Respiratory Distress)] 253
Luxations 256
Lymphosarcoma see Neoplasia (Lymphoproliferative) (286)
Macrorhabdus Ornithogaster 259
Malaria see Hemoparasites (196)
Malnutrition see Emaciation (162)
Mandibular prognathism see Beak Malocclusion (Mandibular Prognathism) (51)
Marek’s Disease 261
Metabolic Bone Disease 263
Microsporidiosis/Encephalitozoon 266
Mites see Ectoparasites (Mites) (148)
Mycobacteriosis 268
Mycoplasmosis 271
Mycotoxicosis 274
Myiasis 277
Myocardial Diseases 279
Nails (diseases of) see Toes and Nails (Diseases of) (426)
Neoplasia (Gastrointestinal and Hepatic) 282
Neoplasia (Integument) 284
Neoplasia (Lymphoproliferative) 286
Neoplasia (Neurologic) 290
Neoplasia (Renal) 293
Neoplasia (Reproductive) 295
Neoplasia (Respiratory) 298
Neural Larva Migrans 300
Neurologic (Non- Traumatic Diseases) 302
Neurologic (Trauma) 305
Newcastle disease see Orthoavulaviruses (323)
Nutritional Imbalances [see also Hypovitaminosis A] 308
Obesity 311
Ocular Lesions 313
Oil Exposure 316
Oral Plaques 320
Organophosphate toxicity see Toxicosis (Environmental, Pesticides) (439)
Orthoavulaviruses 323
Osteomyelosclerosis see Polyostotic Hyperostosis (367)
Otitis 327
Ovarian Diseases 330
Overgrown beak see Beak Malocclusion (48)
Oviductal Diseases 334
Pacheco’s disease see Herpesviruses (Psittacids) (215)
Pain 337
Pancreatic Diseases 340
Papillomatosis (Cutaneous) 343
Papillomatosis, internal see Herpesvirus (208)
Paramyxoviruses see Orthoavulaviruses (323)
Parasites (external) see Ectoparasites (148)
Parasites (internal) see Helminthiasis; Coccidiosis; Neural Larva Migrans (300)
Pasteurellosis 345
Patagium Diseases 347
Perosis/Slipped Tendon 349
Phallus Prolapse 351
Pituitary tumors see Neoplasia (Neurological) (290)
Plant toxins see Toxicosis (Ingested, Gastrointestinal) (448)
Pneumonia 354
Pododermatitis 358
Polydipsia 362
Polyfolliculitis see Dermatitis (127)
Polyomavirus 365
Polyostotic Hyperostosis 367
Polyuria 369
Poxvirus 371
Predator attack see Wounds (Including Bite Wounds, Predator Attacks) (481)
Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming 374
Prolapses (see Cloacal Prolapse) (92)
Proventricular Dilatation Disease (see Bornaviral Diseases) (56)
Proventricular diseases (see Enteritis and Gastritis) (165)
Psittacine beak and feather disease (see Circoviruses) (85)
PTFE toxicosis see Toxicosis (Environmental/Pesticides) (439)
Regurgitation and Vomiting 378
Renal Diseases 380
Reovirus 384
Respiratory Distress 386
Respiratory foreign bodies see Tracheal Diseases (457)
Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens [see also Mycoplasmosis] 389
Retroviruses in Galliformes 393
Rhinitis and Sinusitis 395
Rotavirus 398
Salmonellosis 400
Salpingitis see Oviductal Diseases (334)
Sarcocystosis 402
Scissors beak see Beak Malocclusion (Lateral Beak Deformity) (48)
Seizures 405
Self-injurious behavior see Feather-Damaging and Self-Injurious Behavior (170)
Sepsis 408
Sick-Bird Syndrome 411
Smoke inhalation injury see Toxicosis (Airborne) (434)
Spinal trauma see Neurologic Trauma (305)
Spirochete Infection 413
Spironucleus see Flagellate (Intestinal) (177)
Splay Leg see Angular Limb Deformities (22)
Spleen (Diseases of) 415
Squamous Cell Carcinoma see Neoplasia (Integument) (284)
Squamous metaplasia see Hypovitaminosis A (308)
Stroke see Atherosclerosis (36)
Syringeal disease see Tracheal and Syringeal Diseases (457)
Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis 418
Thymus (Diseases of) 422
Thyroid Diseases 424
Toe and Nail Diseases 426
Togaviruses see Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses (145)
Tongue Diseases 431
Toxicosis (Airborne) 434
Toxicosis (Anticoagulant Rodenticide) 436
Toxicosis (Environmental, Pesticides) 439
Toxicicosis (Heavy Metals) 443
Toxicosis (Iatrogenic) 445
Toxicosis (Ingested, Gastrointestinal) 448
Toxicosis (Vitamin D) 452
Toxoplasmosis 454
Tracheal and Syringeal Diseases 457
Trauma [see also Neurologic Trauma] 461
Trichomoniasis 465
Tumors see Neoplasia (284)
Undigested Food in Droppings 468
Urate and Fecal Discoloration 471
Uropygial Gland Disease 474
Usutu Virus 476
Viral diseases see individual named viral diseases (56)
Vitamin D toxicosis see Toxicosis (Vitamin D) (452)
West Nile Virus 478
Wing droop see Brachial Plexus Avulsion; Fractures; Luxations (64)
Wounds (Including Bite Wounds, Predator Attacks) 481
Xanthoma/Xanthogranulomamatosis 484
Yersiniosis 486
Yolk Sac Retention and Infection 488
Young pigeon syndrome see Circovirus (85)
Zinc see Toxicosis (Heavy Metals) (443)
Appendix I: Common Dosages for Birds 490
Appendix II: Avian Hematology Reference Values 497
Appendix III: Laboratory Testing (USA) 499
Appendix IV: Viral Diseases of Concern 504
Appendix V: Selected Zoonotic Diseases of Concern and Personal Protection 511
Appendix VI: Common Avian Toxins and Their Clinical Signs 513
Appendix VII: Avian Taxonomy 516
Appendix VIII: Clinical Algorithms 523
Algorithm 1: Sick-Bird Syndrome 523
Algorithm 2: Diarrhea 524
Algorithm 3: Regurgitation/Vomiting 525
Algorithm 4: Respiratory Distress 526
Algorithm 5: Coelemic Distension 527
Algorithm 6: Egg Binding 528
Algorithm 7: Anemia 529
Algorithm 8: Oropharyngeal Lesions 530
Algorithm 9: Neurologic Signs 531
Algorithm 10: Polydipsia 532
Algorithm 11: Polyuria 533
Algorithm 12: Feather Loss 534
Algorithm 13: Lameness 535
Algorithm 14: Hyperuricemia 536
Algorithm 15: Hepatopathy 537
Algorithm 16: Wing Droop 538
Algorithm 17: Respiratory Distress in Chickens 539
Algorithm 18: Cloacal Prolapse 540
Index 541
