Noordsy’s Food Animal Surgery, Sixth Edition is a classic quick reference to surgical procedures in livestock and companion farm animals. With a practical outline format, this book makes it easy to locate essential information on common surgical techniques, presenting 39 chapters across 6 sections for ease of navigation. The book is a helpful memory refresher for procedures or species encountered less frequently, enabling readers to build confidence in learning new surgical techniques.
Chapters review presurgical preparation, perioperative care and restraint, and surgical procedures of the major body systems, and the Sixth Edition has been updated throughout to remove outdated procedures and equipment, making way for new techniques and a focus on evidence-based best practices. Most illustrations have been updated to more accurately depict anatomy, providing surgeons with a clearer understanding of how to perform the procedures, and numerous clinically relevant photographs and illustrations have been added to better convey concepts and techniques.
A companion website allows readers to view and download figures from the text and contains study questions from the end of each chapter along with the answers to those questions.
Noordsy’s Food Animal Surgery includes information on: - Surgical restraint, local, epidural, general, and postoperative anesthesia/analgesia, surgery of the head and neck, and surgical treatment of cattle with ocular disease- Umbilical hernias and infections, laparotomy, rumenotomy, fistulation, cannulation, pericardiotomy in cattle, abomasal surgery, surgical treatment of intestinal disease, and rectal prolapse repair- Surgical treatment of the male and female urogenital systems including conditions associated with urolithiasis and mammary surgery- Ligament and tendon surgery, foot and claw surgery, joint surgery, and common fractures and dislocations
Noordsy’s Food Animal Surgery is an essential resource for veterinary students and large animal practitioners who care for farm animals.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
About the Companion Website xxi
Section I General Considerations, Restraint, and Analgesia 1
1 General Surgical Considerations 3
Andrew J. Niehaus
Determining Surgical Candidacy 3
Preoperative Procedures 3
Preparing the Surgical Site 8
Postoperative Care 8
References 13
2 Surgical Restraint 15
Andrew J. Niehaus
General Considerations 15
Keep Animals Calm and Reduce Stress 15
Techniques That Divert the Animal’s Attention 16
Methods That Reduce Kicking 19
Methods for Raising a Leg in Cattle 19
Methods for Restraining the Tail in Cattle 20
Methods for Casting Cattle 23
Other Restraints 23
Mechanical Restraint 25
References 27
3 Local and Regional Anesthesia 29
Andrew J. Niehaus
General Considerations for Local and Regional Anesthesia 29
Anesthesia for the Abdominal Flank in Cattle 30
Line Block 37
Anesthesia of the Distal Limb Via Vascular (IV) Infusion in Cattle (Bier Block) 38
Anesthesia of the Horn (Cornual Nerve Block) 39
Eye and Eyelid Anesthesia in Cattle 42
Teat Anesthesia in Cattle 48
Sacral and Subsacral Paravertebral Blocks 50
References 56
4 Epidural and Subarachnoid Anesthesia and Analgesia 59
Andrew J. Niehaus
Relevant Anatomy 59
Administering Epidural Anesthesia 63
References 72
5 General Anesthesia and Sedation 75
Andrew J. Niehaus
General Considerations 75
Venipuncture and IV Catheterization in Ruminants 76
Injectable Sedation and Anesthetic Drugs 81
General Anesthesia 86
Recovery 88
Regulatory Concerns in Food- Producing Animals 89
References 90
6 Perioperative Analgesia 91
Andrew J. Niehaus
Pain Management in Surgical Patients 91
Commonly Used Analgesics 92
References 94
Section II Surgery of Head and Neck 97
7 Cornuectomy 99
Andrew J.T. Muir
Indications and General Considerations 99
Basic Cornuectomy in Cattle 99
Surgical Technique 100
Postoperative Care 100
Surgical Cornuectomy in Cattle 101
Cornuectomy in Goats 103
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Cornuectomy in Cattle and Goats (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 104
Reference 104
8 Sinus Surgery in Cattle 105
Andrew J.T. Muir
Trephination of Sinuses in Cattle 105
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Sinus Surgery in Cattle (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 108
References 108
9 Dentistry 109
Andrew J.T. Muir
General Considerations 109
Routine Dental Examination 109
Clinical Signs of Odontopathy 111
Oral Tooth Extraction Technique 111
Surgical Removal of Mandibular Cheek Teeth 112
Surgical Removal of Maxillary Cheek Teeth 112
Lumpy Jaw Debulking 113
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Dentation Procedures in Ruminants (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 113
References 113
10 Tracheotomy in Cattle 115
Andrew J.T. Muir
Indications and General Considerations 115
Restraint 115
Presurgical Procedures 116
Anesthesia 116
Surgical Technique 116
Postoperative Care 117
Equipment and Supplies Needed for a Tracheotomy in Ruminants (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 117
11 Esophagotomy in Cattle 119
Andrew J.T. Muir
Indications and General Considerations 119
Anatomic Considerations 119
Restraint 119
Presurgical Procedures 119
Anesthesia 120
Surgical Technique 120
Postoperative Procedures 121
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Esophagotomy in Cattle (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 121
12 Surgery of the Eye and Adnexa 123
Joseph W. Lozier
Introduction 123
Keratectomy 124
Enucleation 124
Eyelid Masses 127
Nictitans Masses 128
Entropion Correction 128
Temporary Tarsorrhaphy 129
Nictitating Membrane Flap 129
References 130
Section III Abdominal and GI Surgery 131
13 Surgery of the Umbilicus 133
Joseph W. Lozier
Introduction 133
Umbilical Hernia 133
Treatment 134
Umbilical Infection 136
References 139
14 Laparotomy in Cattle 141
Brianna A. Jordan
Abdominal Surgery with a Flank Approach in Cattle 141
Exploratory Laparotomy 145
15 Surgery of Rumen 147
Joseph W. Lozier
Introduction 147
Rumenotomy 147
Rumenostomy 150
References 152
16 Pericardiotomy 153
Joseph W. Lozier
Introduction 153
Procedure 153
17 Abomasal Surgery 155
Joseph W. Lozier
Displaced Abomasum 155
Abomasotomy 162
References 163
18 Intestinal Surgery 165
Joseph W. Lozier
Introduction 165
Clinical Signs of Surgical Intestinal Lesions in Cattle 165
Diagnostics 166
Differentials 166
Supplies 166
Surgical Methods 167
References 168
19 Rectal Prolapse and Repair 169
Joseph W. Lozier
Factors That Predispose to Rectal Prolapse 169
Types of Rectal Prolapse 169
Treatment 169
Section IV Female Reproductive and Urogenital Surgery 173
20 Ovariectomy 175
Brianna A. Jordan
General Considerations 175
Indications 175
Surgical Approaches for cattle 175
Left Paralumbar Fossa Approach Ovariectomy in Cattle 177
Vaginal Approach Ovariectomy - Colpotomy in Cattle 178
Ovariectomy/Ovariohysterectomy in Miniature Pigs 180
References 183
21 Cesarean Section in Cows 185
Brianna A. Jordan
Indications and Considerations 185
Restraint Positions and Related Abdominal Incision Sites 186
Left and Right Paralumbar Fossa Approach with Standing Restraint 188
Ventral Midline Approach in Dorsal Recumbency 190
Ventrolateral Approach in Lateral Recumbency 192
References 194
22 Episiotomy 195
Brianna A. Jordan
Indications 195
General Considerations 195
Supplies 195
Anesthesia 195
Surgical Technique 195
23 Cesarean Section in Sheep and Goats 197
Brianna A. Jordan
Indications 197
General Considerations 197
Patient Positioning and Abdominal Incision Sites 197
Standing Restraint for a Paralumbar Fossa Incision 198
Ventrolateral Recumbency for a Paralumbar Fossa Incision 200
Dorsal Recumbency for a Ventral Midline Incision 201
References 202
24 Cesarean Section in Sows 203
Brianna A. Jordan
Indications 203
General Considerations 203
Restraint Positions and Related Abdominal Incision Sites 203
Presurgical Procedures 205
Anesthesia 205
Supplies 206
Surgical Procedures 206
Reference 209
25 Perineal Laceration Repair 211
Brianna A. Jordan
General Considerations 211
Supplies 211
Presurgical Procedures for Both Second- and Third- Degree Laceration Repairs 211
Anesthesia 212
Surgical Technique for Second- Degree Laceration Repair 212
Surgical Technique for Third- Degree Laceration Repair 212
Postoperative Care of Second- and Third- Degree Perineal Lacerations 214
References 214
26 Repair of Vaginal Prolapse in Cows 215
Brianna A. Jordan
General Considerations 215
Presurgical Procedures for All Methods 215
Anesthesia for All Methods 216
Supplies Needed for Vaginal Preparation 216
Buhner Suture 216
Modified Caslick’s Method 216
Modified Minchev Method (Vaginopexy) 218
Button and Pin 220
Cervicopexy and Vaginopexy 220
Reference 222
27 Teat and Udder Surgery 223
Andrew J. Niehaus
General Considerations 223
Basics Required for Successful Teat Surgery 223
Surgical Technique for Closure of Full- thickness Teat Defects 224
Procedures to Re- establish Milk Flow 229
Treatment of Leaky Teats 236
Teat Amputation 237
Amputation of the Udder or Portions of the Udder 239
References 245
28 Urethral Extension to Correct Urovagina 247
Brianna A. Jordan
General Considerations 247
Supplies 247
Presurgical Procedures 247
Anesthesia 248
Surgical Technique 248
Postoperative Care 250
Reference 250
Section V Male Reproductive and Urogenital Surgery 251
29 Castration 253
Andrew J.T. Muir
Castration 253
References 262
30 Surgery for Cryptorchidism, Ectopic Testicle, and Scirrhous Cord 263
Andrew J.T. Muir
Cryptorchidism 263
Surgery for Ectopic Testicle in Bulls 265
Scirrhous Cord Removal 265
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Cryptorchid Castration 267
Reference 267
31 Inguinal Herniorrhaphy 269
Andrew J.T. Muir
Inguinal Herniorrhaphy After Castration 269
Inguinal (Scrotal) Herniorrhaphy in Mature Bulls 270
Equipment and Supplies Needed Inguinal Herniorrhaphy 277
References 277
32 Penile and Preputial Surgery in Bulls 279
Andrew J.T. Muir
Classifications of Penile and Preputial Conditions 279
Phallorrhaphy: Correction of Ventral and Spiral Deviations 280
Surgery to Correct Persistent Frenulum 287
Surgery to Correct Hematoma of Penis in Bulls 288
Circumcision 290
Preputial Bandaging 293
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Preputial Bandaging 295
Preputial Resection and Anastomosis (“Reefing”) 295
Surgery to Correct Phimosis 297
Fibropapilloma Excision 298
Nonsurgical Treatment of Penile and Preputial Lacerations 298
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Penile Surgery 299
33 Preputial Diverticulectomy in Boars 301
Andrew J.T. Muir
Equipment Needed for Preputial Diverticulectomy (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 305
References 305
34 Surgical Preparation of Teaser Bulls, Boars, and Rams 307
Andrew J.T. Muir
General Considerations 307
Selected Surgical Procedures to Prevent Penile Intromission 308
Procedures to Block Sperm Flow 313
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Creation of Teaser Animals (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 316
Reference 316
35 Treatment of Urolithiasis 317
Andrew J.T. Muir
General Considerations 317
Urethral Process Amputation (Small Ruminants) 319
Urethrostomy 320
Tube Cystostomy 325
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Tube Cystostomy in Small Ruminants 329
Urethral Catheterization via Perineal Urethrostomy 330
Urethrotomy 331
Surgery for Subcutaneous Abdominal Inflammation and Edema Caused by Urethral Rupture 333
Equipment and Supplies Needed for Treatment of Urolithiasis (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 333
Section VI Musculoskeletal Surgery 335
36 Ligament and Tendon Surgery 337
Joseph W. Lozier
Flexural Deformities 337
Flexor Tendon Laceration 338
Interosseus Muscle/Suspensory Ligament Rupture 339
Gastrocnemius/Achilles Tendon Rupture 339
Luxating Patella 339
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture 340
References 341
37 Foot and Claw Surgery 343
Brianna A. Jordan
Lameness 343
Hoof Trimming 343
Surgical Procedures 345
References 352
38 Joint Surgery 353
Brianna A. Jordan
Joint Effusion 353
Arthrocentesis 354
Joint Lavage 355
Arthrotomy 356
Arthroscopy 357
References 358
39 Surgery for Fractures and Luxations 359
Joseph W. Lozier
Introduction 359
Treatment Options 359
Management of Common Fractures 364
Coxofemoral Luxation 365
Distal Limb Luxations 367
Digital Subluxation 367
References 368
Index 371
