Embedded Cryptography provides a comprehensive exploration of cryptographic techniques tailored for embedded systems, addressing the growing importance of security in devices such as mobile systems and IoT. The books explore the evolution of embedded cryptography since its inception in the mid-90s and cover both theoretical and practical aspects, as well as discussing the implementation of cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, ECC and post-quantum algorithms.
The work is structured into three volumes, spanning forty chapters and nine parts, and is enriched with pedagogical materials and real-world case studies, designed for researchers, professionals, and students alike, offering insights into both foundational and advanced topics in the field.
Embedded Cryptography 2 is dedicated to masking and cryptographic implementations, as well as hardware security.
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
Emmanuel PROUFF, Guenael RENAULT, Matthieu RIVAIN and Colin O'FLYNN
Part 1. Masking 1
Chapter 1. Introduction to Masking 3
Ange MARTINELLI and Melissa ROSSI
1.1. An overview of masking 3
1.2. The effect of masking on side-channel leakage 4
1.3. Different types of masking 5
1.4. Code-based masking: toward a generic framework 8
1.5. Hybrid masking 10
1.6. Examples of specific maskings 11
1.7. Outline of the part 12
1.8. Notes and further references 13
1.9. References 13
Chapter 2. Masking Schemes 15
Jean-Sebastien CORON and Rina ZEITOUN
2.1. Introduction to masking operations 15
2.2. Classical linear operations 15
2.3. Classical nonlinear operations 16
2.4. Mask refreshing 18
2.5. Masking S-boxes 21
2.6. Masks conversions 27
2.7. Notes and further references 35
2.8. References 37
Chapter 3. Hardware Masking 39
Begul BILGIN and Lauren DE MEYER
3.1. Introduction 39
3.2. Category I: td + 1 masking 42
3.3. Category II: d + 1 masking 46
3.4. Trade-offs 51
3.5. Notes and further references 53
3.6. References 55
Chapter 4. Masking Security Proofs 59
Sonia BELAID
4.1. Introduction 59
4.2. Preliminaries 60
4.3. Probing model 62
4.4. Robust probing model 67
4.5. Random probing model and noisy leakage model 70
4.6. Composition 74
4.7. Conclusion 81
4.8. Notes and further references 81
4.9. References 81
Chapter 5. Masking Verification 83
Abdul Rahman TALEB
5.1. Introduction 83
5.2. General procedure 84
5.3. Verify: verification mechanisms for a set of variables 87
5.4. Explore: exploration mechanisms for all sets of variables 97
5.5. Conclusion 108
5.6. Notes and further references 109
5.7. Solution to Exercise 5.1 109
5.8. References 111
Part 2. Cryptographic Implementations 113
Chapter 6. Hardware Acceleration of Cryptographic Algorithms 115
Lejla BATINA, Pedro Maat COSTA MASSOLINO and Nele MENTENS
6.1. Introduction 115
6.2. Hardware optimization of symmetric-key cryptography 116
6.3. Modular arithmetic for hardware implementations 118
6.4. RSA implementations 123
6.5. Post-quantum cryptography 125
6.6. Conclusion 126
6.7. Notes and further references 127
6.8. References 128
Chapter 7. Constant-Time Implementations 133
Thomas PORNIN
7.1. What does constant-time mean? 133
7.2. Low-level issues 138
7.3. Primitive implementation techniques 146
7.4. Constant-time algorithms 163
7.5. References 175
Chapter 8. Protected AES Implementations 177
Franck RONDEPIERRE
8.1. Generic countermeasures 178
8.2. Secure evaluation of the SubByte function 180
8.3. Other functions of AES 192
8.4. Notes and further references 197
8.5. References 198
Chapter 9. Protected RSA Implementations 201
Mylene ROUSSELLET, Yannick TEGLIA and David VIGILANT
9.1. Introduction 201
9.2. Building a protected RSA implementation step by step 203
9.3. Remarks and open discussion 213
9.4. Notes and further references 214
9.5. References 220
Chapter 10. Protected ECC Implementations 225
Lukasz CHMIELEWSKI and Louiza PAPACHRISTODOULOU
10.1. Introduction 225
10.2. Protecting ECC implementations and countermeasures 226
10.3. Conclusion 242
10.4. Notes and further references 242
10.5. References 245
Chapter 11. Post-Quantum Implementations 249
Matthias J. KANNWISCHER, Ruben NIEDERHAGEN, Francisco RODRIGUEZ-HENRIQUEZ and Peter SCHWABE
11.1. Introduction 249
11.2. Post-quantum encryption and key encapsulation 251
11.3. Post-quantum signatures 265
11.4. Notes and further references 275
11.5. References 278
Part 3. Hardware Security 289
Chapter 12. Hardware Reverse Engineering and Invasive Attacks 291
Sergei SKOROBOGATOV
12.1. Introduction 291
12.2. Preparation for hardware attacks 291
12.3. Probing attacks 300
12.4. Delayering and reverse engineering 303
12.5. Memory dump and hardware cloning 309
12.6. Conclusion 311
12.7. Notes and further references 311
12.8. References 312
Chapter 13. Gate-Level Protection 315
Sylvain GUILLEY and Jean-Luc DANGER
13.1. Introduction 315
13.2. DPL principle, built-in DFA resistance, and latent side-channel vulnerabilities 316
13.3. DPL families based on standard cells 318
13.4. Technological specific DPL styles 328
13.5. DPL styles comparison 331
13.6. Conclusion 331
13.7. Notes and further references 332
13.8. References 334
Chapter 14. Physically Unclonable Functions 339
Jean-Luc DANGER, Sylvain GUILLEY, Debdeep MUKHOPADHYAY and Ulrich RUHRMAIR
14.1. Introduction 339
14.2. PUF architectures 347
14.3. Reliability enhancement 353
14.4. Entropy assessment 358
14.5. Resistance to attacks 361
14.6. Characterizations 364
14.7. Standardization 365
14.8. Notes and further references 366
14.9. References 368
List of Authors 375
Index 379
Summary of Volume 1 385
Summary of Volume 3 393
