1. Executive Summary
1.1. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Snapshot
1.2. Future Projections
1.3. Key Market Trends
1.4. Regional Snapshot, by Value, 2025
1.5. Analyst Recommendations
2. Market Overview
2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
2.2.1. Drivers
2.2.2. Restraints
2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Value Chain Analysis
2.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.5. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
2.5.1. Supply
2.5.2. Demand
2.6. Impact Of Ukraine-Russia Conflict
2.7. Economic Overview
2.7.1. World Economic Projections
2.8. Pestle Analysis
3. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, 2019 - 2032
3.1. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
3.1.1. Key Highlights
3.1.1.1. Reagent Based
3.1.1.2. Detergent
3.1.1.3. Enzymatic
3.1.1.4. Physical Disruption
3.1.1.5. Mechanical Homogenization
3.1.1.6. Ultrasonic Homogenization
3.1.1.7. Others
3.2. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
3.2.1. Key Highlights
3.2.1.1. Instruments
3.2.1.2. Reagents & Consumables
3.3. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
3.3.1. Key Highlights
3.3.1.1. Mammalian Cells
3.3.1.2. Bacterial Cells
3.3.1.3. Yeast/Algae/Fungi
3.3.1.4. Plant Cells
3.4. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
3.4.1. Key Highlights
3.4.1.1. Cell organelle Isolation
3.4.1.2. Nucleic acid Isolation
3.4.1.3. Cell organelle Isolation
3.4.1.4. Nucleic acid Isolation
3.5. Global Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
3.5.1. Key Highlights
3.5.1.1. North America
3.5.1.2. Europe
3.5.1.3. Asia Pacific
3.5.1.4. Latin America
3.5.1.5. Middle East & Africa
4. North America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, 2019 - 2032
4.1. North America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.1.1. Key Highlights
4.1.1.1. Reagent Based
4.1.1.2. Detergent
4.1.1.3. Enzymatic
4.1.1.4. Physical Disruption
4.1.1.5. Mechanical Homogenization
4.1.1.6. Ultrasonic Homogenization
4.1.1.7. Others
4.2. North America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.2.1. Key Highlights
4.2.1.1. Instruments
4.2.1.2. Reagents & Consumables
4.3. North America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.3.1. Key Highlights
4.3.1.1. Mammalian Cells
4.3.1.2. Bacterial Cells
4.3.1.3. Yeast/Algae/Fungi
4.3.1.4. Plant Cells
4.4. North America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.4.1. Key Highlights
4.4.1.1. Cell organelle Isolation
4.4.1.2. Nucleic acid Isolation
4.4.1.3. Cell organelle Isolation
4.4.1.4. Nucleic acid Isolation
4.5. North America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1. Key Highlights
4.5.1.1. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.2. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.3. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.4. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.5. Canada Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.6. Canada Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.7. Canada Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.1.8. Canada Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
4.5.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
5. Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, 2019 - 2032
5.1. Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.1.1. Key Highlights
5.1.1.1. Reagent Based
5.1.1.2. Detergent
5.1.1.3. Enzymatic
5.1.1.4. Physical Disruption
5.1.1.5. Mechanical Homogenization
5.1.1.6. Ultrasonic Homogenization
5.1.1.7. Others
5.2. Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.2.1. Key Highlights
5.2.1.1. Instruments
5.2.1.2. Reagents & Consumables
5.3. Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.3.1. Key Highlights
5.3.1.1. Mammalian Cells
5.3.1.2. Bacterial Cells
5.3.1.3. Yeast/Algae/Fungi
5.3.1.4. Plant Cells
5.4. Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.4.1. Key Highlights
5.4.1.1. Cell organelle Isolation
5.4.1.2. Nucleic acid Isolation
5.4.1.3. Cell organelle Isolation
5.4.1.4. Nucleic acid Isolation
5.5. Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1. Key Highlights
5.5.1.1. Germany Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.2. Germany Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.3. Germany Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.4. Germany Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.5. U.K. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.6. U.K. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.7. U.K. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.8. U.K. Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.9. France Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.10. France Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.11. France Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.12. France Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.13. Italy Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.14. Italy Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.15. Italy Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.16. Italy Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.17. Turkey Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.18. Turkey Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.19. Turkey Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.20. Turkey Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.21. Russia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.22. Russia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.23. Russia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.24. Russia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.25. Rest Of Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.26. Rest Of Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.27. Rest Of Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.1.28. Rest of Europe Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
5.5.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
6. Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, 2019 - 2032
6.1. Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.1.1. Key Highlights
6.1.1.1. Reagent Based
6.1.1.2. Detergent
6.1.1.3. Enzymatic
6.1.1.4. Physical Disruption
6.1.1.5. Mechanical Homogenization
6.1.1.6. Ultrasonic Homogenization
6.1.1.7. Others
6.2. Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.2.1. Key Highlights
6.2.1.1. Instruments
6.2.1.2. Reagents & Consumables
6.3. Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.3.1. Key Highlights
6.3.1.1. Mammalian Cells
6.3.1.2. Bacterial Cells
6.3.1.3. Yeast/Algae/Fungi
6.3.1.4. Plant Cells
6.4. Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.4.1. Key Highlights
6.4.1.1. Cell organelle Isolation
6.4.1.2. Nucleic acid Isolation
6.4.1.3. Cell organelle Isolation
6.4.1.4. Nucleic acid Isolation
6.5. Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1. Key Highlights
6.5.1.1. China Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.2. China Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.3. China Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.4. China Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.5. Japan Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.6. Japan Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.7. Japan Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.8. Japan Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.9. South Korea Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.10. South Korea Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.11. South Korea Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.12. South Korea Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.13. India Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.14. India Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.15. India Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.16. India Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.17. Southeast Asia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.18. Southeast Asia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.19. Southeast Asia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.20. Southeast Asia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.21. Rest Of Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.22. Rest Of Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.23. Rest Of Asia Pacific Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.1.24. Rest of Asia Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
6.5.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
7. Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, 2019 - 2032
7.1. Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.1.1. Key Highlights
7.1.1.1. Reagent Based
7.1.1.2. Detergent
7.1.1.3. Enzymatic
7.1.1.4. Physical Disruption
7.1.1.5. Mechanical Homogenization
7.1.1.6. Ultrasonic Homogenization
7.1.1.7. Others
7.2. Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.2.1. Key Highlights
7.2.1.1. Instruments
7.2.1.2. Reagents & Consumables
7.3. Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.3.1. Key Highlights
7.3.1.1. Mammalian Cells
7.3.1.2. Bacterial Cells
7.3.1.3. Yeast/Algae/Fungi
7.3.1.4. Plant Cells
7.4. Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.4.1. Key Highlights
7.4.1.1. Cell organelle Isolation
7.4.1.2. Nucleic acid Isolation
7.4.1.3. Cell organelle Isolation
7.4.1.4. Nucleic acid Isolation
7.5. Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1. Key Highlights
7.5.1.1. Brazil Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.2. Brazil Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.3. Brazil Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.4. Brazil Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.5. Mexico Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.6. Mexico Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.7. Mexico Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.8. Mexico Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.9. Argentina Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.10. Argentina Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.11. Argentina Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.12. Argentina Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.13. Rest Of Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.14. Rest Of Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.15. Rest Of Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.1.16. Rest of Latin America Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
7.5.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
8. Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, 2019 - 2032
8.1. Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.1.1. Key Highlights
8.1.1.1. Reagent Based
8.1.1.2. Detergent
8.1.1.3. Enzymatic
8.1.1.4. Physical Disruption
8.1.1.5. Mechanical Homogenization
8.1.1.6. Ultrasonic Homogenization
8.1.1.7. Others
8.2. Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.2.1. Key Highlights
8.2.1.1. Instruments
8.2.1.2. Reagents & Consumables
8.3. Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.3.1. Key Highlights
8.3.1.1. Mammalian Cells
8.3.1.2. Bacterial Cells
8.3.1.3. Yeast/Algae/Fungi
8.3.1.4. Plant Cells
8.4. Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.4.1. Key Highlights
8.4.1.1. Cell organelle Isolation
8.4.1.2. Nucleic acid Isolation
8.4.1.3. Cell organelle Isolation
8.4.1.4. Nucleic acid Isolation
8.5. Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1. Key Highlights
8.5.1.1. GCC Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.2. GCC Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.3. GCC Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.4. GCC Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.5. South Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.6. South Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.7. South Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.8. South Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.9. Egypt Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.10. Egypt Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.11. Egypt Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.12. Egypt Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.13. Nigeria Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.14. Nigeria Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.15. Nigeria Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.16. Nigeria Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.17. Rest Of Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Technique, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.18. Rest Of Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Product Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.19. Rest Of Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Cell Type, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.1.20. Rest of Middle East & Africa Cell Lysis and Disruption Market by Application, Value (US$ Bn) 2019 - 2032
8.5.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
9. Competitive Landscape
9.1. Company Market Share Analysis, 2025
9.2. Competitive Dashboard
9.3. Company Profiles
9.3.1. Covaris, LLC
9.3.1.1. Company Overview
9.3.1.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.1.3. Financial Overview
9.3.1.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.2. QIAGEN
9.3.2.1. Company Overview
9.3.2.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.2.3. Financial Overview
9.3.2.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.3. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
9.3.3.1. Company Overview
9.3.3.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.3.3. Financial Overview
9.3.3.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.4. Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
9.3.4.1. Company Overview
9.3.4.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.4.3. Financial Overview
9.3.4.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.5. Merck KGaA
9.3.5.1. Company Overview
9.3.5.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.5.3. Financial Overview
9.3.5.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.6. Claremont BioSolutions, LLC
9.3.6.1. Company Overview
9.3.6.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.6.3. Financial Overview
9.3.6.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.7. Qsonica
9.3.7.1. Company Overview
9.3.7.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.7.3. Financial Overview
9.3.7.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.8. Danaher
9.3.8.1. Company Overview
9.3.8.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.8.3. Financial Overview
9.3.8.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.9. Parr Instrument Company
9.3.9.1. Company Overview
9.3.9.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.9.3. Financial Overview
9.3.9.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.10. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
9.3.10.1. Company Overview
9.3.10.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.10.3. Financial Overview
9.3.10.4. Business Strategies and Development
9.3.11. Miltenyi Biotec
9.3.11.1. Company Overview
9.3.11.2. Technique Portfolio
9.3.11.3. Financial Overview
9.3.11.4. Business Strategies and Development
10. Appendix
10.1. Research Methodology
10.2. Report Assumptions
10.3. Acronyms And Abbreviations