Report Scope:
This research study focuses on key hydrogen technologies and applications. It provides data about the size and growth of both captive and merchant hydrogen markets, lists company profiles, and discusses patent trends and industry trends. Cutting-edge developments, research priorities and potential business opportunities are key foci.
The report includes the following:
- Investigation and assessment of the future use of merchant hydrogen as an industrial gas and the roles likely played by the emerging hydrogen energy market.
- Analysis of trends in the market, with data for 2019, estimates for 2020 and projected compound annual growth rates through 2025.
- An overview of the structure of the industry and extensive company profiles of the leading organizations.
- Detailed analyses of research focus, end-use markets and production technologies.
- Analysis of patent and intellectual property activity.
- Market drivers, restraints and opportunities.
- Initiatives of various regions to develop the hydrogen economy.
- Analysis of delivery and storage methods for hydrogen.
Report Includes:
- 48 tables
- A brief overview of the global market for merchant hydrogen technologies within the energy sector
- Analyses of the global market trends, with data corresponding to market size for 2019, estimates for 2020, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2025
- State-of-the-art trends observed in fuel cell technology as it is one of the fastest-growing segments in the merchant hydrogen application areas and a shift towards Green Hydrogen
- New Federal & States incentives and laws supporting the utilization of hydrogen and FCV in the U.S.
- Policy Recommendations from IRENA, and economic diversification measures as apart of hydrogen economy by middle eastern states
- Latest information on market opportunities for merchant hydrogen and its future use as an industrial gas and the roles likely played by the emerging hydrogen energy market
- Industry value chain analysis of the merchant hydrogen energy market providing a systematic study of key intermediaries involved, which could expedite stakeholders in formulating appropriate strategies
- Emphasis on the current and emerging applications of merchant hydrogen and its on-site distributed generation
- Insight into the major breakthrough development areas such as biological processing and localized production, research focus, end-use markets, and production technologies
- Profile description of major market players including Amec Foster Wheeler Ltd., Air Liquide, Iwatani International Corp., Linde Ag, Exxon Mobil Corp., Ceramatec, Hydrogenics Corp., and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
- Study Goals and Objectives
- What's New in This Update
- Reasons for Doing This Study
- Scope of Report
- Information Sources
- Methodology
- Geographic Breakdown
- Analyst's Credentials
- Custom Research
- Related Reports
Chapter 2 Summary and Highlights
Chapter 3 Market and Technology Background
- Hydrogen
- Market Size and Segmentation
- Global Production of Hydrogen
- Industrial Hydrogen Market Segments
- Merchant Hydrogen Segment
- Large-Scale Merchant Hydrogen Production Technologies
- Steam Methane Reformation of Natural Gas
- Coal Gasification
- Distributed Hydrogen Production
- Reformation of Bio-derived Liquids
- Coal and Biomass Gasification
- Compact Autothermal and Fuel Cell Generators
- Merchant Market Delivery Modes
- Delivery State: Liquefaction and Gasification
- Economics
- Plant Capital Costs
- Role in Oil Refinery Cost
- Hydrogen as an Energy Fuel
- Pipeline Economics
- Merchant Hydrogen Costs and End Users
Chapter 4 Global Merchant Hydrogen Markets
- Summary
- European Market
- European Production
- E.U. Pipelines
- China
- China Hydrogen Production and Supply
- Australia
- Policy Recommendation from IRENA at Second Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting
Chapter 5 U.S. Merchant Hydrogen Demand
- Merchant Industrial Hydrogen End-User Segments
- Oil Refining
- Food Industry/Edible Oil
- Chemical Industry
- Steel Industry/Metallurgy
- Electronics Industry
- Glass Processing Industry
- Power Industry
- Research and Development Demand
- U.S. Merchant Hydrogen Demand Forecast
- Hydrogen Energy Market Drivers
- Environmental Benefits of Hydrogen
- Advances in Fuel Cell Technology
- Development of Fueling Infrastructure
- Distributed Hydrogen Production Systems
- High-Purity Hydrogen Market
- Government-Supported Hydrogen Initiatives
- Government Initiatives
- Federal Initiatives
- State Initiatives
- Regional Initiatives
Chapter 6 U.S. Merchant Production
- Location of U.S. Hydrogen Refinery Capacity
- Location of U.S. Merchant Hydrogen Plants
- Hydrogen from Renewable Resources
- 2020 Update
Chapter 7 Merchant Hydrogen Technology Development
- Overview
- Principal Technologies
- Thermal Processes
- Electrolytic Processes
- Photolytic Processes
- Other Types of Process
- Emerging Production Technologies
- Advanced Membrane Technology
- Plasma Reforming
- Hydrogen via Wastewater Remediation
- Direct Sunlight-to-Hydrogen Conversion
- Catalysts
- Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts
- Atomically Dispersed Platinum Catalyst
- Molybdenum Sulfide as Platinum Catalyst Replacement
- Stanford Nickel Iron Catalyst
- Nanostructured Nickel Hydroxide
- A shift toward Production of Green Hydrogen - Global Developments in Electrolyte Technology and Storage
Chapter 8 Merchant Hydrogen Delivery Modes
- Pipelines
- New Hydrogen Pipeline Materials
- Mixed Hydrogen/Natural Gas Pipelines
- Tank Trucks, Railcars, Barges
- Tube Trailers
- On-Site Production
Chapter 9 Hydrogen Storage
- Principal Technologies
- Direct Storage of Hydrogen
- Hydrocarbons
- Zeolites
Chapter 10 Patents
- Summary of Patent Activity
- Hydrogen Production
- Hydrogen Storage
- Bulk Distribution
- Fuel Cells
- Direct Combustion of Hydrogen
- Hydrogen Sensors
- Sample Patents
Chapter 11 Industry Structure and Company Profiles
- Engineering Services
- Amec Foster Wheeler Ltd./Wood. Plc
- Technipfmc
- Uhde Gmbh
- Industrial Gas Providers
- Airgas, Inc-An Air Liquide Company
- Air Liquide
- Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
- Equistar Chemicals Lp
- General Hydrogen Corp.
- Iwatani International Corp.
- Linde Ag
- Praxair, Inc.- A Wholly Owned Subsidiary Of Linde Plc
- Sinopec Maoming Co.
- United Hydrogen Group (Now Aquired By Plug Power Inc.)
- Refiners And Refineries
- Amec Foster Wheeler Ltd. (Wood. Plc)
- Andeavor
- BP PLC
- Chevron Corp.
- Conocophillips
- Exxon Mobil Corp.
- Flint Hills Resources
- Markwest Javelina
- Motiva Enterprises Llc
- Royal Dutch Shell Plc
- Shell Deer Park Refining
- Valero Energy Corp.
- Fuel Cells
- Ballard Power Systems
- Bloom Energy Corp.
- Ceramatec
- Fuel Cell Energy, Inc.
- GRZ Technologies SA
- Hydrogenics Corp.
- Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd.
- Plug Power Llc
- Pragma Industries
- Vehicles
- Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd.
- Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag
- Hyundai Motors
- Magna Steyr Ag & Co. Kg
- Meritor, Inc.
- Toyota Motors
- US Fuel Cell
- Electrolyzers And Distributed Reformers
- Acta Spa
- Intelligent Energy
- ITM Power Plc
- NEL Hydrogen As
- Nuvera Fuel Cells Llc
- Proton Onsite, Inc.
- Hydrogen Purification And Sensors
- Element One
- H2Scan
- Hy9 Corp.
- Makel Engineering, Inc.
- Membrane Technology And Research, Inc.
- Xebec Adsorption, Inc.
- Catalysts
- Acta Spa
- E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co.
- Haldor Topsoe A/S
- Membrane Technology And Research, Inc.
- Nanomix, Inc.
- Storage
- Luxfer Group Ltd.
- Plastic Omnium Group
- Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc.
- Toshiba Corp.
- Start-Ups And R&D
- Advanced Materials Corp.
- Alumifuel Power Corp.
- Batelle Memorial Institute
- Diversified Energy Corp.
- Ergosup
- Electrochaea
- Eprida Technologies
- Etudes Chemiques Et Physiques Sarl
- Gas Technology Institute
- General Atomics
- Heliogen
- HCE LLC
- HTC Purenergy
- Innovatek, Inc.
- Jetstream Energy Technologies, Inc.
- Mo-Sci Corp.
- National Center For Hydrogen Technology
- Powertech Labs, Inc.
- Secat, Inc.
- Sotacarbo Spa
- Yangtze Energy Technologies, Inc.
Chapter 12 Appendix: Glossary and Acronyms
List of Tables
Summary Table: Global Production of Merchant Hydrogen, by Country/Region, Through 2025
Table 1: Potential Applications of Hydrogen
Table 2: Hydrogen Production Feedstocks
Table 3: Natural Gas Prices for Industrial Sector
Table 4: U.S. By-Product Hydrogen Production Share, by Industry, 2019
Table 5: Global Hydrogen Production, by Segment, 2019
Table 6: U.S. Market Share of Merchant Hydrogen Production, by Industry Type, 2019
Table 7: North American Market Share of Merchant Hydrogen Capacity, by Company, 2017
Table 8: Global Market Share of Merchant Market Delivery Modes, by Sector, 2019
Table 9: Hydrogen’s Share of Oil Refinery Fixed and Variable Operating Costs, 2017
Table 10: Global Production of Merchant Hydrogen, by Country/Region, Through 2025
Table 11: Global Production Share of End Uses of Hydrogen, by Country/Region, 2019
Table 12: E.U. Merchant Hydrogen Production, 2004-2014
Table 13: E.U. Merchant Hydrogen Production, Through 2025
Table 14: Merchant Liquid and Compressed Gas Hydrogen Production in the E.U., by Company and Location, 2017
Table 15: E.U. Hydrogen Pipeline, by Country, 2017
Table 16: E.U. Hydrogen Pipeline, by Company, 2017
Table 17: Chinese Consumption Share of Hydrogen, by End-Use, 2019
Table 18: U.S. Merchant Hydrogen Demand, by End-Use, Through 2025
Table 19: U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Funding, by Fiscal Years, 2004-2017
Table 20: U.S. Fuel Cell Bus Projects, August 2018
Table 21: U.S. Fuel Cell Vehicles on Road, 6th June 2020
Table 22: U.S. Stationary Fuel Cell Equipment, 6th June 2020
Table 23: R&D Areas for Distributed Hydrogen Production
Table 24: U.S. Hydrogen Laws and Incentives (Federal)
Table 25: State Incentives–California
Table 26: Hydrogen Laws and Incentives in New York
Table 27: U.S. Refinery Hydrogen Production Capacity, January 2019
Table 28: Merchant Liquid and Compressed Gas Hydrogen Production Capacity in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, by Company and Location, 2016
Table 29: Approaches to Using Renewable Power to Produce Hydrogen, by Project Category
Table 30: Sample of U.S. Renewables-Based Hydrogen Production Pilot Projects, 2017
Table 31: Thermal Processes for Hydrogen Production
Table 32: Electrolytic Processes for the Production of Hydrogen
Table 33: Photolytic Processes for the Production of Hydrogen
Table 34: Typical Hydrogen Sale Quantities
Table 35: U.S. Hydrogen Pipeline, by State, 2006-2016
Table 36: U.S. Hydrogen Pipeline, by Owner, 2016
Table 37: U.S. Department of Energy Targets for On-Board Hydrogen Storage Systems, 2020 and 2025
Table 38: Hydrogen Storage Technologies
Table 39: Distribution of Hydrogen Patents, by Major Field of Application, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 40: U.S. Hydrogen Production Patents Issued, by Technology Type, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 41: Major Hydrogen Production Intellectual Property Portfolios Issued, by Assignee, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 42: U.S. Hydrogen Storage Patents Issued, by Technology Type, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 43: Major Hydrogen Storage Intellectual Property Portfolios Issued, by Assignee, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 44: U.S. Hydrogen Transmission and Distribution Technology Patents Issued, by Technology Type, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 45: U.S. Fuel Cell Patents Issued, by Technology Type, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 46: Major Fuel Cell Intellectual Property Portfolios of U.S. Hydrogen Storage Patents Issued, by Assignee, 1975-June 15, 2018
Table 47: Holders of U.S. Hydrogen Sensor Patents Issued, by Company, 1975-June 15, 2018
List of Figures
Summary Figure: Global Production of Merchant Hydrogen, by Country/Region, 2019-2025
Figure 1: Global Hydrogen Production Trends, 2019-2025
Figure 2: U.S. Merchant Hydrogen Demand, 2019-2025
Figure 3: U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Funding, 2008-2016
Samples
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Executive Summary
The world has started to fully face the climate emergency. After signing the Paris agreement in 2016, stating their aim to limit global warming, it is the time for participating countries to act on their commitments. Similarly, more and more businesses are committing to play their role, along with pressures from shareholders to assume their responsibility for cleaner climate. This approach has now begun to feed through capital markets and finance as we see governments adopting regulations on sustainable finance. To ensure a clean future, within a few decades, all our energy needs, electricity, industry, transport, buildings and agriculture, will have to come from carbon-free sources. This will need a huge change in technologies and policies.
Hydrogen will play a crucial role in making vital changes to our energy systems. It can form a key part of the solution to climate change. Renewable electricity (Solar and Wind) alone may not be able to provide all energy needs and thus, hydrogen will play a crucial complementary role.
Merchant hydrogen, the focus of this report, includes all hydrogen produced by one company for sale to another. The merchant hydrogen industry provides hydrogen used in industrial processes, including processes for the manufacture of gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, plastics, metals, agricultural fertilizer, pharmaceuticals and food oil products. Other uses in areas such as food and semiconductor manufacturing, for example, while important, require much smaller volumes of hydrogen. Merchant hydrogen providers also serve emerging energy or fuel applications for transportation, although at present this market is quite small.
Companies Mentioned
- Acta Spa
- Acta Spa
- Advanced Materials Corp.
- Air Liquide
- Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
- Airgas, Inc-An Air Liquide Company
- Alumifuel Power Corp.
- Amec Foster Wheeler Ltd. (Wood. Plc)
- Amec Foster Wheeler Ltd./Wood. Plc
- Andeavor
- Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd.
- Ballard Power Systems
- Batelle Memorial Institute
- Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag
- Bloom Energy Corp.
- BP PLC
- Catalysts
- Ceramatec
- Chevron Corp.
- Conocophillips
- Diversified Energy Corp.
- E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co.
- Electrochaea
- Electrolyzers And Distributed Reformers
- Element One
- Engineering Services
- Eprida Technologies
- Equistar Chemicals Lp
- Ergosup
- Etudes Chemiques Et Physiques Sarl
- Exxon Mobil Corp.
- Flint Hills Resources
- Fuel Cell Energy, Inc.
- Fuel Cells
- Gas Technology Institute
- General Atomics
- General Hydrogen Corp.
- GRZ Technologies SA
- H2Scan
- Haldor Topsoe A/S
- HCE LLC
- Heliogen
- HTC Purenergy
- Hy9 Corp.
- Hydrogen Purification And Sensors
- Hydrogenics Corp.
- Hyundai Motors
- Industrial Gas Providers
- Innovatek, Inc.
- Intelligent Energy
- ITM Power Plc
- Iwatani International Corp.
- Jetstream Energy Technologies, Inc.
- Linde Ag
- Luxfer Group Ltd.
- Magna Steyr Ag & Co. Kg
- Makel Engineering, Inc.
- Markwest Javelina
- Membrane Technology And Research, Inc.
- Membrane Technology And Research, Inc.
- Meritor, Inc.
- Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd.
- Mo-Sci Corp.
- Motiva Enterprises Llc
- Nanomix, Inc.
- National Center For Hydrogen Technology
- NEL Hydrogen As
- Nuvera Fuel Cells Llc
- Plastic Omnium Group
- Plug Power Llc
- Powertech Labs, Inc.
- Pragma Industries
- Praxair, Inc.- A Wholly Owned Subsidiary Of Linde Plc
- Proton Onsite, Inc.
- Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc.
- Refiners And Refineries
- Royal Dutch Shell Plc
- Secat, Inc.
- Shell Deer Park Refining
- Sinopec Maoming Co.
- Sotacarbo Spa
- Start-Ups And R&D
- Storage
- Technipfmc
- Toshiba Corp.
- Toyota Motors
- Uhde Gmbh
- United Hydrogen Group (Now Aquired By Plug Power Inc.)
- US Fuel Cell
- Valero Energy Corp.
- Vehicles
- Xebec Adsorption, Inc.
- Yangtze Energy Technologies, Inc.
