Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the technological and practical developments of small and micro CHP systems.
Part one opens with reviews of small and micro CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment, as well as their integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels. Part two focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines, gas turbines and microturbines, Stirling engines, organic Rankine cycle process and fuel cell systems. Heat-activated cooling (i.e. trigeneration) technologies and energy storage systems, of importance to the regional/seasonal viability of this technology round out this section. Finally, part three covers the range of applications of small and micro CHP systems, from residential buildings and district heating, to commercial buildings and industrial applications, as well as reviewing the market deployment of this important technology.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems is an essential reference work for anyone involved or interested in the design, development, installation and optimisation of small and micro CHP systems.
- Reviews small- and micro-CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment- Explores integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels- Focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines
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Table of Contents
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Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Preface
Part I: Introduction to small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Chapter 1: Overview of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Abstract:
1.1 Introduction to cogeneration a short history
1.2 Types of technology and potential applications
1.3 Energy efficiency improvement
1.4 Cost benefits and emissions reduction
1.5 Grid connection
1.6 Barriers to combined heat and power (CHP)
1.7 Future trends
Chapter 2: Techno-economic assessment of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The economics of combined heat and power (CHP)
2.3 Techno-economics for onsite generation
2.4 A specific modelling methodology
2.5 Case study: micro combined heat and power (CHP)
2.6 Future trends
2.7 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 3: Thermodynamics, performance analysis and computational modelling of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of combined heat and power (CHP) systems
3.3 Thermodynamics of cogeneration
3.4 Performance analysis of cogeneration cycles
3.5 Theory of heat exchangers
3.6 Worked example
3.7 Computational modelling of a combined heat and power (CHP) cycle
3.8 Analysis of the computational model of the combined heat and power (CHP) system
3.9 Case study: system performance of a biogasdriven small combined heat and power (CHP) system in a sewage works
3.10 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 4: Integration of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems into distributed energy systems
Abstract:
4.1 Distributed energy resources (DER)
4.2 The value of distributed generation
4.3 Conditions for profitable decentralized generation
4.4 Evaluating the 'full value' of being network connected
4.5 Recommendations to distribution system operators (DSO) and regulators
4.6 Acknowledgement
Chapter 5: Biomass fuels for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems: resources, conversion and applications
Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Characterisation of solid biomass fuels
5.3 Biomass conversion technologies
5.4 Current development of small and micro scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) technologies
5.5 Conclusions
5.6 Acknowledgements
Part II: Development of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems and technology
Chapter 6: Internal combustion and reciprocating engine systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications
Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types, properties and design of engine
6.3 Engine operating characteristics and performance
6.4 Installation and practical aspects
6.5 Commercially available units
6.6 Conclusions
Chapter 7: Microturbine systems for small combined heat and power (CHP) applications
Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cycle performance
7.3 Types and properties of microturbine components
7.4 Operation
7.5 Manufacturers and applications
7.6 Future trends
7.7 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 8: Stirling engine systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications
Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Definition of a Stirling engine
8.3 Why Stirling engines are suited to micro combined heat and power (CHP)
8.4 The Stirling cycle
8.5 Types of Stirling engine
8.6 Development of Stirling engines for micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications
8.7 Micro combined heat and power (CHP) design and system integration
8.8 Applications and future trends
8.9 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 9: Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based waste heat/waste fuel recovery systems for small combined heat and power (CHP) applications
Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principle of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) process
9.3 Typical process heat sources and operating ranges for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems
9.4 Benefits and disadvantages of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) process as compared to waterbased systems
9.5 Selection of working fluid for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems
9.6 Process system alternatives
9.7 Background and summary of commercial development and exploitation
9.8 Efficiency and typical costs for current organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants
Chapter 10: Fuel cell systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications
Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fundamentals of operation, types and properties of fuel cells
10.3 Fuel cell systems
10.4 Operating conditions and performance
10.5 Commercial development and future trends
10.6 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 11: Heat-activated cooling technologies for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications
Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Introduction to small-scale trigeneration
11.3 Types of cooling systems and their applications
11.4 Open sorption cycles: desiccant dehumidification
11.5 Closed sorption cycles: absorption and adsorption heat pumps
11.6 Steam ejector cycle
11.7 Component-specific efficiency and effectiveness metrics
11.8 System-wide performance and efficiency metrics
11.9 Advantages and limitations of heat-activated cooling
11.10 Future trends
11.11 Sources of further information and advice
11.14 Appendix 1: Nomenclature and abbreviations
11.15 Appendix 2: Notes on terminology
Chapter 12: Energy storage for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Abstract:
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Types of energy storage (ES) systems
12.3 Applications of electrical energy storage
12.4 Applications for combined heat and power (CHP) systems
12.5 Grid services applications and relationship to combined heat and power (CHP)
12.6 Electrical vehicles
12.7 Large-scale and small-scale storage conceptual planning
12.8 The development and application of thermal storage
12.9 Future trends
12.10 Sources of further information and advice
Part III: Application of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Chapter 13: Micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems for residential and small commercial buildings
Abstract:
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Basic issues and energy requirements
13.3 Types of system for residential and small commercial buildings
13.4 Domestic applications for micro combined heat and power (CHP)
13.5 Small commercial buildings and other potential applications
13.6 Advantages and limitations
13.7 Future trends
13.8 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 14: District and community heating aspects of combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 How to get started
14.3 Heat sources
14.4 Pipework installation issues and design considerations
14.5 Control system and consumer installations
14.6 Case study: Lerwick, Shetland
14.7 Case study: Aars, Denmark
14.8 Future trends
14.9 Sources for further information and advice
Chapter 15: Small combined heat and power (CHP) systems for commercial buildings and institutions
Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Basic issues and energy requirements
15.3 Small combined heat and power (CHP) use in commercial buildings and institutions
15.4 Small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) technology
15.5 Application of small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) technology in buildings
15.6 Performance analysis and optimisation
15.7 Merits and limitations of small-scale combined heat and power (CHP)
15.8 Future trends
15.9 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 16: Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems for the food and beverage processing industries
Abstract:
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Food processing and energy requirements examples for specific food and drink industries
16.3 Heat and power integration of food total sites
16.4 Types of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) suitable for the food industry
16.5 Established combined heat and power (CHP) technologies for the food industry
16.6 High-efficiency technologies in theoretical and demonstration stages
16.7 Integration of renewables and waste with food industry energy demands
16.8 Potential applications
16.9 Future trends
16.10 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 17: Biomass-based small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems: application and status in the United Kingdom
Abstract:
17.1 UK energy policy and targets
17.2 Renewables and combined heat and power (CHP) in the UK
17.3 Technical challenges for small-scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) systems
17.4 Capital costs for small-scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) systems
17.5 Conclusions
Chapter 18: Thermal-engine-based small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems for domestic applications: modelling micro-CHP deployment
Abstract:
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Prime movers deployed in micro and small combined heat and power (CHP) systems
18.3 Product development in the micro and small combined heat and power (CHP) market
18.4 Overview of the method for estimation of economical and environmental benefits from deployment of micro combined heat and power (MCHP) technology in buildings
18.5 Heat demand modelling
18.6 Electrical demand
18.7 Performance mapping
18.8 Economic and environmental analysis
Epilogue
Index
