Table of Contents
VOLUME 1: LEACHING AND SOLUTION PURIFICATION
Foreword v
Ian M.Ritchie–A Biography vii
Session Chairs and Co–Chairs xi
Honorary Plenary
Is Extractive Metallurgy Becoming Extinct? 3
I.M. Ritchie
Leaching
Cyanide & Alternatives
Optimizing Cyanidation Parameters for Processing of Blended Fort Knox and True North Ores at tht Fort Knox Mine 21
J. Hollow, G. DeschSnes, H. Guo, M. Fulton and E. Hill
Effect of Carbonaceous Coatings on Preg–Robbing of Chalcopyrite 35
H. Tan, D. Feng and J.S.J. van Deventer
Surface–Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Gold Dissolution in Cyanide: System Purity Effects 49
K. Watling, G.A. Hope and R. Woods
The Link Between Gravity Recovery and Hydrometallurgy: The Case of Gold 65
A.R. Laplante and W. Staunton
Alkaline Sulfide Recovery of Gold Utilizing Nitrogen Species Catalyzed Pressure Leaching 75
C.G. Anderson
Chloride as an Alternative to Cyanide for the Extractino of Gold – Going Full Circle? 89
C.J. Ferron, C.A. Fleming, D. Dreisinger and T.O′Kane
Using Thiocyanate as Lixiviant for Gold Recovery in Acidic Environment 105
R.Y. Wan, J.A. Brierley, S. Acar and K.M. LeVier
A Comparison of Cyanide and Thiosulfate Leaching for the Recovery of Gold from a Copper Containing Ore 123
X. Dai, C.K. Chu, M. Jeffrey and P. Breuer
Thiosulfate
A Review of the Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Kinetics of the Gold Thiosulfate Leaching Process 139
P.L. Breuer and M.I. Jeffrey
Thermodynamic Studies of the Gold(m)/(I)/(0) Redox System in Ammonia–Thiosulfate Solutions at 25°C 155
G. Senanayake, W.N. Perera and M.J. Nicol
Can a Thiosulfate Leaching Process Be Developed Which Does Not Require Copper and Ammonia? 169
I. Chandra and M. Jeffrey
Towards an Understanding of Copper(I) Speciation and Reactivity in the Copper–Ammonia–Thiosulfate Lixiviant System 183
J. Black L. Spiccia andD.C. McPhail
The Importance of the Cu(II) Catalyst in the Thiosulfate Leaching of Gold 195
A.E. Lam and D.B. Dreisinger
Alternative Copper(n) Catalysts for Gold Leaching: Use of Multidentate Ligands to Control Thiosulfate Oxidation 213
T. Brown, A. Fischmann, L. Spiccia and D.C. McPhail
A Novel Thiosulfate System for Leaching Gold Without the Use of Copper and Ammonia 227
I. Ji, C. Fleming, P.G. West–Sells andR.P. Hackl
A Process for Counteracting the Detrimental Effect of Tetrathionate on Resin Gold Adsorption from Thiosulfate Leachates 245
P.G. West–Sells, J. JiandR.P. Hackl
Heap Leaching
Ammonium Thiosulfate Heap Leaching 259
P.Bhakta
Measurement and Application of Biooxidation Kinetics for Heaps 269
P.Bhakta
Mathematical Modeling of Pyritic Refractory Gold Ore Heap Biooxidation: Model Development and Isothermal Column Simulations 275
S.C. BouffardandD.G. Dixon
Heap Leach Modeling – The Current State of the Art 289
D.G. Dixon
A Comprehensive Copper Stockpile Leach Model: Background and Model Formulation 315
C.R. Bennett, M. Cross, T.N. Croft,, J.L. Uhrie, C.R. Green andJ.E. Gebhardt
Ore Geotechnical Effects on Copper Heap Leach Kinetics 329
G. Miller
Process Improvements at Mantoverde Heapleach–SX–EW Plant 343
L. Trincado, U. Troncoso, C. Vargas, C. Bunger, and G. Zdrate
The Dynamics of Chalcocite Heap Bioleaching 351
J. Petersen and D.G. Dixon
The Life Cycle of of Chalcocite Heap Bioleach System 365
D. Readett, L. Sylwestrzak, P.D. Franzmann, J.J. Plumb, W.R. Robertson, J.A.E. Gibson and H. Watling
Fundamentals
Selective Bacterial Leaching of Cobalt and Nickel from Chalcopyrite Concentrate 377
R.P. Hackl and R.J. Vos
Single Step Separation and Recovery of Palladium Using Nitrogen Species Catalyzed Pressure Leaching and Silica Polyamine Composites 393
C. Anderson, E. Rosenberg, Y. Cao, L. Ratz and C. Hart
The Mechanism of the Dissolution and Passivation of Chalcopyrite: An Electrochemical Study 405
I. Lazaro and M.J. Nicol
The Sonochemical Leaching of Chalcopyrite 419
N. Abed andD. Dreisinger
Leaching Chalcopyrite in Ammoniacal Solutions Sparged with a SO2/O2 Gas Mixture 431
M.M. Bertini and P.F. Duby
Raman Investigation of Sulfide Leaching 447
G. Parker, R. Woods and G. Hope
Fluosilic Acid Leaching of Galena 461
P.R. Taylor, Y. Choi and E.E. Vidal
Use of Alternating Current for Leaching of Intermediate Products from Copper and Nickel Production 475
A. V. Tarasov, V.M. Paretsky and V.A. Bryukvin
The Reductive Leaching of Magnanese Dioxide: Reaction Kinetic Models and Mechanisms 485
G. Senanayake
Chloride
Atmospheric Chloride Leaching: The Way Forward for Nickel Laterites 501
B. Harris and J. Magee
Chloride Processing of Metal Sulphides: Review of Fundamentals and Applications 517
G. Senanayake and D.M. Muir
Minimizing Fuel Costs During Thermal Regeneration of the Hydrochloric Acid Lixiviant 533
K. Adham and C. Lee
Solution Purification in the Outokumpu Hydrocopper Process 545
M. Hamalainen, O. HyvUrinen and M. Jyrdla
Direct Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of an Egyptian nmenite Ore for Production of Synthetic Rutile 555
L.A. Ibrahim, M.H.H. Mahmoud, A.A.I. Afifi, and B.A. El–Sayed
New Developments in the Altair Hydrochloride Ti02 Pigment Process 565
D. Verhulst, B. Sabacky, T. Spider andJ. Prochazka
Electrochemical Mechanism Study of Manganese Dioxide Dissolution in Acidic Chloride Solution in Presence of Ferrous/Ferric Ions 577
G. Xueyi, H. Kai, L. Qihou, Z. Duomo and Q. Dingfan
Pressure & Autoclave
The Effect of Chloride Ions on the Oxidation of Pyrite Under Pressure Oxidation Conditions 591
M.J. NicolandJ.Q. Liu
The Use of Ortho–Phenylene–Diamine (OPD) as a Surfactant in the Pressure Oxidation of Pyritic Gold Ores and Concentrates 603
D. Dreisinger, Z. Zheng and N.J. Hannigan
Use of Hydrometallurgy in Direct Processing of Base Metal/PGM Concentrates 617
J. Milbourne, M. Tomlinson and L. Gormely
Development and Implementation of a Novel Pressure Leach Process for the Recovery of Cobalt and Copper at Chambisbi, Zambia 631
E. Munnik, H. Singh, T. Uys, M. Bellino, B. Harris, K. FraserandJ. du Plessis
PH Measurement in High–Temperature Hydrometallurgical Systems 645
V.G. Papangelakis, D.S. Seneviratne, Z. Jankovic, X. Y. Zhou and S.N. Lvov
Design of Horizontal Autoclaves – A Pilot Plant Evaluation of Solids Suspension, Blending and Residence Time Distribution 657
P. Forschner, D. Houlton, R. Klepper and V. Kassera
CFD in Autoclave Circuit Design 671
L. Oshinowo, L. Gunnewiek and K. Fraser
Autoclave Technology and New Reagents for Integrated Treatment of Russian Polymetallic Concentrates 687
A.V. Tarasov and E.M. Timoshenko
Solution Purification
Adsorption & Ion Exchange
The Effect of Pore Size Distribution on Gold Adsorption by Magnetic Activated Carbons 701
G.A. Munoz, S. Duyvesteyn and J.D. Miller
Potential of Magnetic Adsorption/Filtration for Hydrometallurgical Wastewater Treatment 711
J.D. Navratil
Application of Ion Exchange Polymers in Copper Cyanide and Acid Mine Drainage 717
W.H. Jay
Commercial Separations in the Copper Industry Using Molecular Recognition Technology (MRT) 729
R.L. Bruening, IB. Dale, N.E. Izatt andS.R. Izatt
Dynamic Modeling for Design of Ion Exchange Systems 741
K. Nikkhah
The Effect of Plating Additives on the Recovery of Copper from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using the Chelating Resin Dowex M4195 753
W. Ewing, J.W. Evans and F.M. Doyle
Solvent Extraction
Solvent Extraction of Halides from Metallurgical Solutions 765
C.R.S. Mason, B. Grinbaum, J.R. Harlamovs andD.B. Dreisinger
Piloting of the Halogon Process with Mixer–Settlers and Bateman Pulsed Columns 777
J.M. Kuhn, C.R.S. Mason, J.R. Harlamovs, M. W. Bell and E.M. Buchalter
Synergistic Solvent Extraction and Its Potential Application to Nickel and Cobalt Recovery 787
C.Y. Cheng, M. UrbaniandM. Houchin
Flexibility Trends in Copper Solvent Extraction 801
H. Hein
Heat Balances in Copper SX/EW Operations 821
D.J. Burkhardt
Extraction of Nickel and Calcium from Hypersaline Solutions Using Versatic 10 829
D. Helm, E. Paatero and D. Ibana
Application of Solvent Extraction for the Separation of Molybdenum from Nano–Crystalline Cobalt Electrodisposition Effluents 843
M. Oliazadeh, R.T. Wu, J.W. Huang and A.M. Alfantazi
Recovery of Phosphoric Acid in Waste Acid Mixtures Discharged from the Liquid Crystal Industry by Solvent Extraction 853
J. Shibata, M. Morikawa, N. Yoshikawa, N. Murayama and H. Yamamoto
Phosphoric Acid Extraction from an Uranium–Phosphorous Liquor 861
J.S. Benedetto and C.A. Morals
Indium Recovery from Sulfuric Solutions: A Comparative Study Involving Acidic Organophosphorus Extractants 869
P.M. Rosario, P.J. Martins andA.P. Paiva
Gold Solvent Extraction from Alkaline Cyanide Solutions, Using LK 79 Extractant 881
J.L. Valenzuela, S. Aguayo, J.R. Parga and R.G. Lewis
Preparation of Ultrafine Silver Particles by Solvent Extraction Techniques 891
M.G. Sanchez–Loredo, M.M. Gonzalez–Chavez andj. Ldpez–Martiniz
Equilibrium Modifiers in Copper Solvent Extraction Reagents – Friend or Foe? 90S
G. Kordosky andM. Virnig
Third Phase Formation in TBP Solvent Extraction Systems as a Result of Interaction Between Reverse Micelles 917
R. Chiarizia, P. Thiyagarajan, M.P. Jensen, M. Borkowski andK.C. Littrell
Room–Temperature Ionic Liquids as Diluents for the Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Metal Ions: Promise and Limitations 929
M.L. Dietz, M.P. Jensen, J.V. Beitz and JA. Dzielawa
Development of Extractants to Transport Metal Salts in Base Metal Recovery Processes 941
S.G. Galbraith, D.K.Henderson, HA. Miller, P.G. Plieger, PA. Tasker, K.J. Smith and LC. West
Application of Competitive Complexation/Solvation Theory in Metals Solvent Extraction: New Opportunities in Process Development 955
V. Kislik
Solvent Extraction System Modeling Using the Program SXFIT 969
L.H. Delmau, C.F. Baes, DA. Bostick, T.J. Haverlock and BA. Moyer
Mass Transfer Rates for Up–Pumping Impeller Systems 983
D. Adams, M. Preston, M. Giralico and B. Gigas
On–Line Analysis in Nickel and Copper Solvent Extraction 989
D. Hughes, M. Kongas and E. Rauma
Biological Degradation of Solvent Extraction Circuit Plant Organic 1003
N. Callao I., G.E. Jenneman, K. Sublette, M.D. Bishop, S.K. Young andA.G. Morrison
FRP as a Material of Construction for Solvent Extraction Equipment 1023
D. Goodman, R. Aaslepp and R. Moubarac
Scale–Up of Pumpers & Mixers for Solvent Extraction 1037
T.A. Post
Advanced Mixer Settler Designs mat Will Optimize Tomorrow′s Large Flow Production Requirements 1053
M. Giralico, B. Gigas and M. Preston
Author Index 1067
