Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation. Treatment Options and Risk Assessment. Edition No. 3

Table of Contents

1. General Commentary on drug therapy and drug risks in pregnancy
2. Specific drug therapties during pregnancy
2.1 Analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and antigout medications
2.2 Allergy and hyosensitization therapy
2.3 Antiasthmatic and cough medication
2.4 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
2.5 Gastro-intestinal medications, hyoplipidemic agents and spasmolytics
2.6 Anti-infective Agents
2.7 Vaccines and immunoglobulins
2.8 Heart and blood medications
2.9 Anticoagulants, thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors, fibrinolyrics,and volume replacement agents
2.10 Epilepsy and antiepileptic medications
2.11 Psychotropic drugs
2.12 Immunosuppression, rheumatic diseases, multiple sclerosis, and Wilson's disease
2.13 Antineoplastic drugs
2.14 Uterine contraction agents, tocolytics, vaginal therapeutics and local contraceptives
2.15 Hormones
2.16 General and local anesthetics and muscle relaxants
2.17 Dermatological medications and local therapeutics
2.18 Vitamins, minerals and trace elements
2.19 Herbs during pregnancy
2.20 Diagnostic agents
2.21 Recreational drugs
2.22 Poisonings and toxins
2.23 Occupational, industrial and environmental agents
3. General commentary on drug therapy and drug risk during lactation
3.1 The advances of breastfeading versus the risks of maternal medication
3.2 The passage of medication into the mother's milk
3.3 Infant characteristics
3.4 Milk plasma ratio
3.5 Amount of medication in the milk and relative dose
3.6 Toxicity of medications in the mother's milk
3.7 Medications that affect lactation
3.8 Breastfeeding support
4. Specific drug therapies during lactation
4.1 Analgesics, antiphlogistics and anesthetics
4.2 Antiallergics, antiasthmatics and antitussives
4.3 Gastrointestinal drugs
4.4 Anti-infectives
4.5 Vaccines and immunoglobulins
4.6 Cardiovascular drugs and diuretics
4.7 Anticoagulants, thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors and fibrinolytics
4.8 Antiepileptics
4.9 Psychotropic drugs
4.10 Immunomodulating and antineoplastic agents
4.11 Hormones and hormone antagonists
4.12 Dermatological medication and local therapeutics
4.13 Alternative remedies, vitamins, and minerals
4.14 Contrast media, radionuclides and diagnostics
4.15 Infections during breastfeeding
4.16 Recreational drugs
4.17 Plant toxins
4.18 Industrial chemicals and environmental contaminants
4.18.1 Persistent organochlorine compounds (pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins)
4.18.2 Mercury
4.18.3 Lead
4.18.4 Cadmium
4.18.5 Other contaminants
4.18.6 Breasfeeding despite environmental contaminants?
4.18.7 Breastfeeding and the workplace

Authors

Christof Schaefer Berlin Teratology Information Unit, Berlin, Germany. Paul W.J. Peters University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. Richard K Miller Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.