Edited by highly respected researchers from the most renowned materials science institute in Japan, the first part of this volume focuses on the fabrication and characterization of zero to three-dimensional nanomaterials, while the second part presents already existing as well as emerging applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and biomedicine.
Table of Contents
1 Change Thinking toward Nanoarchitectonics 1
Katsuhiko Ariga andMasakazu Aono
1.1 From Nanotechnology to Nanoarchitectonics 1
1.2 Way of Nanoarchitectonics 2
1.3 Materials Nanoarchitectonics 3
References 4
Part I Zero- and One-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics 7
2 Architectonics in Nanoparticles 9
Qingmin Ji, Xinbang Liu, and Ke Yin
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Soft Nanoparticles 10
2.2.1 Smart Polymer Nanoparticles 10
2.2.1.1 Multi-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Biological Therapy 10
2.2.1.2 Optoelectrical Polymer Nanoparticles 12
2.2.2 Nanoparticles from Biomimetic Assembly 13
2.3 Hierarchical Architecturing of Solid Nanoparticles 15
2.3.1 Porous Nanoparticles 15
2.3.2 Layered Nanoparticles 19
2.4 Janus (Asymmetric) Nanoparticles 21
2.5 Functional Architectures on the Surface of Nanoparticles 23
2.6 Summary 24
References 25
3 Aspects of One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications 33
Amit Dalui, Ali Hossain Khan, Bapi Pradhan, Srabanti Ghosh, and Somobrata Acharya
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Synthesis of NCs 35
3.2.1 Organometallic Synthesis Method 37
3.2.2 Single-Source Molecular Precursor Methods 37
3.2.3 Solvothermal/HydrothermalMethods 39
3.2.4 Template-Assisted Growth Methods 39
3.3 Growth Mechanisms of 1D Nanocrystals 40
3.3.1 Solution–Liquid–Solid (SLS) Growth Approach 40
3.3.2 Oriented Attachment Growth Mechanism 40
3.3.3 Kinetically Induced Anisotropic Growth 42
3.3.3.1 Surface Energy and Selective Ligand Adhesion 42
3.3.3.2 Influence of the Phase of the Crystalline Seed Materials 43
3.3.3.3 Interplay betweenThermodynamic or Kinetic Growth Regimes 43
3.4 Post-SyntheticModification 44
3.4.1 Post-Synthetic Surface Modification 44
3.4.2 Post-Synthetic Chemical Transformation of NCs 47
3.5 Essential Characterization Techniques 48
3.6 Promising Applications of 1D NCs 50
3.6.1 Optical Polarization 50
3.6.2 Field-Effect Transistors 54
3.6.3 Photovoltaic Applications 57
3.6.4 Photodetection and Sensing 60
3.6.5 Catalysis 62
3.7 Summary and Conclusions 65
References 66
4 Tubular Nanocontainers for Drug Delivery 85
Yusuf Darrat, Ekaterina Naumenko, Giuseppe Cavallaro, Giuseppe Lazzara, Yuri Lvov, and Rawil Fakhrullin
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery 86
4.2.1 Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes 86
4.2.2 Functionalization of CNTs for Drug Delivery 87
4.2.3 Uptake of Carbon Nanotubes 87
4.2.4 Hybrid Materials 88
4.2.5 Vaccine Treatment 89
4.2.6 Cancer Treatment 90
4.2.7 Gene Therapy 90
4.2.8 Toxicity 90
4.3 Halloysite-Nanotube-Based Carriers for Drug Delivery 91
4.3.1 Halloysite Nanotubes: A Biocompatible Clay with Drug Delivery Capacity 91
4.3.2 Modified Halloysite Nanotubes with a Time-Extended Effect on the Drug Release 91
4.3.3 Covalently Functionalized Halloysite Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Systems Sensitive to Specific External Stimuli 93
4.3.4 Hybrids Based on Halloysite Nanotubes as Dual Drug Delivery Systems 94
4.4 Tubular Nanosized Drug Carriers: Uptake Mechanisms 95
4.5 Conclusions 100
References 102
Part II Two-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics 109
5 Graphene Nanotechnology 111
Katsunori Wakabayashi
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 Electronic States of Graphene 112
5.3 Graphene Nanoribbons and Edge States 112
5.4 Spintronic Properties of Graphene 115
5.4.1 Electric Field Induced Half-Metallicity 117
5.5 Summary 119
References 120
6 Nanoarchitectonics of Multilayer Shells toward Biomedical Application 125
Wei Cui and Junbai Li
6.1 Introduction 125
6.2 Hollow-Structured Multilayers 126
6.3 Multilayer Shells on Template 130
6.4 Summary and Outlook 135
Acknowledgments 135
References 136
7 Layered Nanoarchitectonics with Layer-by-Layer Assembly Strategy for Biomedical Applications 141
Wei Qi and Jing Yan
7.1 Layer-by-Layer Assembly Technique 142
7.1.1 Basics of LbL 142
7.1.2 Dipping Coating 142
7.1.3 Spin Coating 143
7.1.4 Spray Coating 144
7.2 LbL-Assembled Layer Architectures with Tunable Properties 144
7.3 The Application of the LbL-Assembled Layer Architectures in Biomedicine 146
7.3.1 Biosensing 146
7.3.2 Drug Delivery 148
7.3.3 Cellular and Tissue Engineering 148
7.4 Summary and Outlook 149
Acknowledgment 150
References 150
8 Emerging 2D Materials 155
Ken Sakaushi
8.1 Introduction 155
8.2 Revisiting Uniqueness of Graphene as the Archetype of 2D Materials Systems 155
8.3 Emerging 2D Materials 158
8.4 Remarks 162
Acknowledgment 162
References 162
Part III Three-Dimensional and Hierarchic Nanoarchitectonics 165
9 Self-Assembly and Directed Assembly 167
Hejin Jiang, Yutao Sang, Li Zhang, andMinghua Liu
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 Amphiphile Self-Assembly 169
9.3 π-Conjugated Molecule Self-Assembly 170
9.4 Peptide Self-Assembly 172
9.5 Self-Assembly of Block Polymers 173
9.5.1 Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of BCPs 173
9.5.2 Magnetic Fields Directing the Alignment of BCPs 175
9.6 DNA-Directed Self-Assembly 176
9.7 Directed Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles 179
9.8 LB-Technique-Directed Alignment of Nanostructures 181
9.9 Conclusions 182
References 183
10 Functional Porous Materials 187
Watcharop Chaikittisilp
10.1 Introduction 187
10.2 Classification of Porous Materials 188
10.3 Functional Frameworks: from Inorganic, through Organic, to Inorganic–Organic 190
10.4 Summary and Outlook 195
References 196
11 Integrated Composites and Hybrids 199
Shenmin Zhu, Hui Pan, and Mengdan Xia
11.1 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 0D and 2D Nanomaterials 199
11.2 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 1D and 2D Nanomaterials 201
11.3 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 2D and 2D Nanomaterials 203
11.4 Other Approaches to 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures 205
11.5 Conclusion 207
References 208
12 Shape-MemoryMaterials 209
Koichiro Uto
12.1 Introduction 209
12.2 Fundamentals of Shape-Memory Effect in Polymers 211
12.3 Categorization of Shape-Memory Polymers on the Basis of Nanoarchitectonics 212
12.4 Shape-Memory Polymers with Different Architectures 213
12.5 New Directions in the Field of Shape-Memory Polymers 216
12.6 Conclusions 217
References 219
Part IV Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Application 1: Physical and Chemical 221
13 Optically Active Organic Field-Effect Transistors 223
YutakaWakayama
13.1 Introduction 223
13.2 Phototransistors 224
13.2.1 Single-Crystal-Based and Nanowire-Based Phototransistors 224
13.2.2 Thin-Film-Based Phototransistors 226
13.3 Photochromism in OFETs 227
13.3.1 Interface Engineering 228
13.3.2 Doping in Channel/Dielectric Layers 229
13.3.3 PhotochromicThin Film as Transistor Channel 230
13.3.4 Laser Patterning of Electric Circuits 232
13.4 Summary and Perspectives 235
References 236
14 Efficient Absorption of Sunlight Using Resonant Nanoparticles for Solar Heat Applications 241
Satoshi Ishii, Kai Chen, Ramu P. Sugavaneshwar, Hideo Okuyama, Thang D. Dao, Satish L. Shinde,Manpreet Kaur,Masahiro Kitajima, and Tadaaki Nagao
14.1 Introduction 241
14.2 Electromagnetic Analysis for Finding the Resonance Conditions of Nanoparticles 243
14.3 Plasmon Resonance Nanoparticles for Sunlight Absorption 243
14.3.1 Analytical Calculations 243
14.3.2 Experiments 245
14.4 Mie Resonance Nanoparticles for Sunlight Absorption 246
14.4.1 Analytical Calculations 246
14.4.2 Experiments 247
14.5 Applications of Resonant Nanoparticles 249
14.6 Summary 250
Acknowledgments 251
References 251
15 Nanoarchitectonics Approach for Sensing 255
Katsuhiko Ariga
15.1 Introduction 255
15.2 Layered Mesoporous Carbon Sensor 256
15.3 Layered Graphene Sensor 257
15.4 Hierarchic Carbon Capsule Sensor 258
15.5 Cage-in-Fiber Sensor 260
15.6 Summary 262
References 262
16 Self-Healing 265
Takeshi Sato andMitsuhiro Ebara
16.1 Introduction 265
16.2 History of Self-Healing Materials 266
16.3 Dynamic Cross-links to Construct a Self-Healing Hydrogel Network 267
16.3.1 Host–Guest Interactions 267
16.3.2 Electrostatic Interactions 268
16.3.3 Metal–Ligand Interactions 268
16.4 Further Applications of Self-Healing Materials 269
16.4.1 Medical Applications 269
16.4.2 Application for Engineering 271
16.5 Conclusion 273
References 273
Part V Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Application 2:
Biological and Biomedical 277
17 Materials Nanoarchitectonics: Drug Delivery System 279
Yohei Kotsuchibashi
17.1 Introduction 279
17.1.1 Diagnosis from Tissues to the Organelles Using Nanomaterials 279
17.1.2 Current Thermoresponsive Drug Carriers 281
17.1.3 Smart Nanocarriers for Benzoxaborole-Based Drugs 284
17.2 Conclusion and Future Trends 287
References 287
18 Mechanobiology 291
Jun Nakanishi
18.1 Introduction 291
18.2 Micropatterning Cellular Shape and Cluster Geometry 292
18.3 Dynamic Micropatterning Single Cells and Cell Collectives 294
18.4 Nanopatterning Cell–Extracellular Matrix Interactions 297
18.5 Concluding Remarks 299
References 300
19 Diagnostics 303
Mitsuhiro Ebara
19.1 Introduction 303
19.2 Immunoassays 304
19.3 Nucleic Acid Tests 306
19.4 Stimuli-Responsive Biomarker Separations 306
19.5 Stimuli-Responsive Diagnostics in the DevelopingWorld 308
19.6 Conclusions 309
References 310
20 Immunoengineering 313
Yasuhiro Nakagawa andMitsuhiro Ebara
20.1 Introduction 313
20.2 Immunoevasive Biomaterials 314
20.3 Immune-Activating Biomaterials 318
20.4 Immunosuppressive Biomaterials 321
20.5 Conclusions 324
References 324
Index 327
