Carbon capture and storage is a process that has become quite popular in recent years. Carbon capture and storage, known commonly as CCS, or even known as carbon capture and sequestration, is a process that captures waste carbon dioxide from sources such as fossil fuel plants and transports it to a carbon storage site (generally underground). The process prevents the release of such large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. CCS is being considered as one such process that can possibly mitigate the role of emissions from fossil fuels leading to global warming.
The publisher analyzes the global carbon capture and storage market in this research report. The report begins with an analysis of the basics of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). The emergence of Carbon Capture and Storage and how it can aid in combatting global warming is analyzed by taking a look at global emissions of carbon dioxide, emissions from coal combustion and factors that promote the use of CCS.
We analyze the carbon dioxide capture process by firstly looking at carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, the high cost of carbon capture and the loss of efficiency power plants face if carbon capture process is introduced and other factors that impact the industry. Post combustion and pre combustion capture of carbon dioxide are analyzed. We also look at the use of ionic liquids for post combustion carbon capture. Other combustion methods such as oxyfuel combustion and chemical looping combustion are further analyzed in this report.
Development of CCS infrastructure to promote the growth of the global carbon capture and storage industry is looked at while also analyzing the various concerns and limitations associated with carbon capture and storage.
We analyze some example CCS projects around the world including in Australia, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and CCS projects in the United States.
Moving on, we look at the transportation of carbon dioxide, which is the next stage following carbon capture. Carbon sequestration is analyzed by the various processes which include biological, physical and chemical. Potential carbon sequestration sites are analyzed by ocean storage, underground storage and other options. Challenges and some demonstration projects complete the analysis of carbon sequestration.
The high cost of carbon capture and storage is definitely a factor that has to be considered while analyzing the global carbon capture and storage industry. We analyze the economics of CCS through capital cost, storage and transportation costs, cost involved in the monitoring of underground carbon storage, overall industry costs along with the levelized cost of electricity.
Impact of global regulations and legislation governing carbon capture and storage along with the regulation of carbon emissions is analyzed along with legislative challenges.
Summing up, the report Analyzing the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Market 2018, provides an outlook for the global carbon capture and storage industry including a comparison of CCS with cheaper alternatives and future market potential.
Table of Contents
A. Executive Summary
B. Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
B.1 What is Carbon Capture & Storage?
B.2 Global Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
B.3 Emissions from Coal Combustion
B.4 Emergence of Carbon Capture and Storage
C. Carbon Dioxide Capture Process
C.1 Introduction
C.2 CO2 Emissions from Power Plants
C.3 High Cost of Carbon Capture & Power Plant Efficiency Loss
C.4 Post Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide
C.5 Chemical Solvents for Use in Post-Combustion Carbon Capture
C.6 Use of Ionic Liquids for Post Combustion Carbon Capture
C.7 Pre Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide
C.8 Oxyfuel Combustion Method
C.9 Chemical Looping Combustion Method
C.10 Factors to Consider
C.10.1 Compression of Carbon Dioxide
C.10.2 Retrofitting of Carbon Capture Equipment
C.11 Developing CCS Infrastructure
C.12 Leakage Concern
C.13 Limitations of Carbon Capture & Storage
C.14 Example CCS Projects
C.14.1 Industrial Projects
C.14.2 CCS Projects in Australia
C.14.3 CCS Projects in Canada
C.14.4 CCS Projects in Germany
C.14.5 CCS Projects in Netherlands
C.14.6 CCS Projects in Norway
C.14.7 CCS Projects in the United Kingdom
C.14.8 CCS Projects in the United States
D. Transportation of Carbon Dioxide
E. Carbon Sequestration
E.1 Introduction
E.2 Sequestration by Biological Processes
E.3 Sequestration by Physical Processes
E.4 Sequestration by Chemical Processes
E.5 Potential Carbon Sequestration Sites
E.5.1 Ocean Storage
E.5.2 Underground Storage
E.6 Other Storage Options
E.7 Sequestration Challenges
E.8 Sequestration Demonstration Projects
F. Economics of Carbon Capture and Storage
F.1 Introduction
F.2 What is the Cost of Carbon Capture?
F.3 Carbon Capture Capital Cost
F.4 Carbon Dioxide Storage & Transportation Costs
F.5 Cost for Monitoring Underground Carbon Storage
F.6 Levelized Cost of Electricity
G. Regulatory Framework
G.1 Introduction
G.2 Regulating Carbon Emissions Globally
G.3 National Regulations
G.4 Regulations for Carbon Capture & Transportation
G.5 Regulations Governing Storage of CO2
G.6 Monitoring of Carbon Sequestration
G.7 Legislative Challenges
H. Outlook for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
H.1 Overview
H.2 Comparing CCS to Cheaper Alternatives
H.3 Future Market Potential
List of Figures
Figure 1: Terrestrial & Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Coal-Fired Plant
Figure 2: Forecast for Yearly Energy Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions Worldwide, 2015-2035 (in Million Tons)
Figure 3: Forecast for Yearly Coal Fired Power Generation Capacity by Region (in GW), 2007-2035
Figure 4: CO2 Concentration in Flue Gas from Power Plants (in Volume %), 2017
Figure 5: Post Combustion Carbon Capture with Monoethanolamine (MEA)
Figure 6: Pipeline and Sea Transportation Cost of Carbon Dioxide, 2017
Figure 7: Requirement for Pipeline (in Kilometers) for Transporting Carbon Dioxide
Figure 8: Global Storage Capacity of Carbon Dioxide by Type of Sites (in Gt CO2)
Figure 9: Amount of Carbon to be Sequestered by 2050 (in Million Tons)
Figure 10: Capital Costs of US Fossil Fuel Plants
Figure 11: Capital Cost Estimated by EIA for Coal Fired Power Plants with Integrated Carbon Capture
Figure 12: Capital Costs for Power Plants Having Carbon Capture and Without Carbon Capture
Figure 13: Levelized Cost of Electricity for Power Plants Coming Online in 2017 by Types of Power Plants
Figure 14: Emissions Limits Set by the Kyoto Protocol for Annex B Countries
Figure 15: Emissions of Greenhouse Gas in the European Union (in mt CO2), 1990-2009
Figure 16: Cost of Electricity from CCS versus Other Alternate Options Available for Power Plants Coming Online in 2017
Figure 17: Outlook for CCS Installed Capacity by 2050 (in GW)
Figure 18: Segmentation of Installed CCS Capacity by Fuel Type (IEA Blue Map Scenario)
List of Tables
Table 1: CO2 Emissions (in Million Tons) from Energy Related Activities Worldwide, 1990-2016
Table 2: Forecast for Yearly Energy Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions Worldwide, 2020-2040 (in Million Tons)
Table 3: Forecast for Yearly Coal Fired Power Generation Capacity by Region (in GW), 2007-2035
Table 4: CO2 Concentration in Flue Gas from Power Plants (in Volume %), 2017
Table 5: Power Plant Efficiencies with & without Carbon Capture Technology
Table 6: Characteristics of Post Combustion Carbon Capture
Table 7: Post Combustion Carbon Capture with Monoethanolamine (MEA)
Table 8: Candidates for Oxygen Carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion
Table 9: Examples of Power Sector CCS Projects
Table 10: Pipeline and Sea Transportation Cost of Carbon Dioxide, 2017
Table 11: Requirement for Pipeline (in Kilometers) for Transporting Carbon Dioxide
Table 12: Global Storage Capacity of Carbon Dioxide by Type of Sites (in Gt CO2)
Table 13: Potential Storage Capacity of CO2 & Amount for Sequestration, 2010, 2020, 2050
Table 14: Characteristics of Potential Carbon Sequestration Sites
Table 15: Characteristics of Carbon Sequestration Demo Projects
Table 16: Comparing the Cost of per Ton CO2 Captured & per Ton CO2 Avoided (in Euro per ton)
Table 17: Capital Costs of US Fossil Fuel Plants
Table 18: Capital Cost Estimated by EIA for Coal Fired Power Plants with Integrated Carbon Capture
Table 19: Capital Costs for Power Plants Having Carbon Capture and Without Carbon Capture
Table 20: Levelized Cost of Electricity for Power Plants Coming Online in 2017 by Types of Power Plants
Table 21: Emissions Limits Set by the Kyoto Protocol for Annex B Countries
Table 22: Emissions of Greenhouse Gas in the European Union (in mt CO2), 1990-2009
Table 23: Cost of Electricity from CCS versus Other Alternate Options Available for Power Plants Coming Online in 2016
Table 24: Future CCS Projects and Capacity based on IEA Blue Map
Table 25: Segmentation of Installed CCS Capacity by Fuel Type (IEA Blue Map Scenario)"
