Animal disease models are a vital tool to study diseases and associated conditions. Studies on animal models can, in some cases, be used as a basis for modeling and understanding human diseases. Biomedical scientists face a challenge to choose the correct animal model to study disease pathology, and neurological diseases are no exception to this rule.
Animal Models for Neurological Disorders covers different animal models which have been used for studying neurological disorders. 13 topical chapters have been contributed by a group of experts on the subject with an aim to cover emerging experimental models of a range of neurological diseases encountered in the clinic including Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, among others. The chapters also inform readers about relevant clinical correlations in each disease model where appropriate.
Animal Models for Neurological Disorders is intended for all scholarly researchers and students of biomedical sciences, pharmacology, medicine (oncology, neurology, psychiatry), pharmacy, biochemistry, and biotechnology. The organized contents of the book also serve as a quick reference point for scientists working in applied areas of neuroscience including the study of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive dysfunction in living organisms.
Animal Models for Neurological Disorders covers different animal models which have been used for studying neurological disorders. 13 topical chapters have been contributed by a group of experts on the subject with an aim to cover emerging experimental models of a range of neurological diseases encountered in the clinic including Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, among others. The chapters also inform readers about relevant clinical correlations in each disease model where appropriate.
Animal Models for Neurological Disorders is intended for all scholarly researchers and students of biomedical sciences, pharmacology, medicine (oncology, neurology, psychiatry), pharmacy, biochemistry, and biotechnology. The organized contents of the book also serve as a quick reference point for scientists working in applied areas of neuroscience including the study of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive dysfunction in living organisms.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Accelerating Alzheimer's Disease Research By Pharmacologic, Genetic, And Computational Based Animal Models- Monika Kadian1, Nitin Rawat, Hemprabha Tainguriya And Anil Kumar
- Introduction
- Current Ad Therapeutic Strategies And Targets
- Virus Based Animal Models Of Alzheimer's Disease
1. Adeno-Associated Viral (Aav) Vectors- Alzheimer's Disease Model
2. Taua152T-Adeno-Associated Viral (Aav) Vectors- Alzheimer's Disease Model
3. Taup301L-Adeno-Associated Viral (Aav) Vectors- Alzheimer's Disease Model
- In-Silico Modeling In Ad
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 2 Behavioral And Non-Behavioral Models Of Depression: Current Scenario And Future Directions
- Sudha, Dinesh Dhingra, Anil Kumar And Monu Yadav
- Introduction
- General Theory In Rodent Models Of Depression
- Behavioral Models (Depression Modeling Approach; *Behavioral Test)
- Behavioral Test
- Behavioral Model
- Forced Swim Test (Fst)
- Tail Suspension Test (Tst)
- Sucrose Preference Test (Spt)
- Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model (Cums)
- Open Field Test (Oft)
- Learned Helplessness Model (Lhm)
- Social Defeat Stress (Resident-Intruder Test)
- Non-Behavioral Models
- Olfactory Bulbectomized Model Of Depression (Obx)
- Reserpine Induced Hypothermia Model (Rim)
- Future Directions
- Conclusions
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 3 Behavioural And Non-Behavioural Experimental Models Of Psychosis: Current State And Future Aspects
- Monu Yadav, Anil Kumar And Sudha
- Introduction
- Behavioural Models
- Artificial Hibernation In Rats
- Brain Self-Stimulation
- Catatonia In Rodents
- Foot-Shock Induced Aggression
- Golden Hamsters Test
- Influence On Behaviour Of The Cotton Rat
- Pole Climb Avoidance In Rats
- Non-Behavioural Models
- Dopaminergic Agonist
- Amphetamine Induced Toxicity
- A). Inhibition Of Mouse Jumping
- B). Apomorphine Stereotypic Behaviour In Rats
- C). Apomorphine Induced Emesis In Dogs
- D). Purposeless Chewing
- Nmdar Antagonist Induced Psychotic Symptoms In Rodents
- Serotonin (5-Ht)-Agonists
- Gaba-Antagonists
- Lesion Models
- Prefrontal Lesions
- Lesions In Limbic Structures
- Yawning And Penile Erection Syndrome In Rats
- Latent Inhibition
- Prepulse Inhibition Of Startle Response
- Genetic Model
- Neurodevelopmental Models
- Future Aspects
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 4 Progressive Experimental Screening Tools And Techniques For Parkinson's Disease: An Update
- Nitin Rawat, Hemprabha Tainguriya, Monika Kadian And Anil Kumar
- Introduction
- Prevalence Of Parkinson's Disease
- 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (Mptp) Model
- Mechanism Of Mptp Neurotoxicity
- Interference With Mitochondrial Respiration
- Support Oxidative Stress
- Limitations Of The Mptp Model
- 6-Hydroxy Dopamine (6-Ohda)
- Mechanism Of 6-Ohda Neurotoxicity
- Advantages Of 6- Ohda
- Insecticides Model Of Parkinson's Disease
- Paraquat (Pq) (N, N'-Dimethyl-4-4'-Bipiridinium)
- Mechanism Of Paraquat Toxicity
- Limitations
- Rotenone Model
- Genetic Models Of Parkinson's Disease
- Autosomal-Recessive Parkinson's Disease Models
- Models Of Autosomal- Dominant Pd
- Lrrk2
- Lrrk2 Ki Mouse Models
- Lrrk2 Models Of Drosophila
- Parkin
- Pink 1
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 5 Overview On Experimental Models Of Vascular Dementia And Vascular Cognitive Impairment
- Navneet Dhaliwal, Jatinder Dhaliwal And Kanwaljit Chopra
- Introduction
- Etiopathogenesis
- Classification And Clinical Criteria
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment (Vci)
- Animal Models Of Vad
- Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (Cch)
- Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis (Bcas)
- Asymmetrical Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
- Microinfarct Induced Vad Model
- Spontaneously Hypertensive/Stroke Prone Rats
- Aged Animals
- Hyperhomocysteinemia In Mice And Rats
- Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Model
- Cadasil
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Recent Updates In The Animal Models Of Multiple Sclerosis 105 Roshan R. Lal, Jatinder Dhaliwal, Navneet Dhaliwal And Kanwaljit Chopra
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis Of Multiple Sclerosis
- Environmental Factors
- Genetic Factors
- Animal Models Of Multiple Sclerosis
- Experimental Autoimmune/Allergic Encephalomyelitis (Eae)
- Rat Models Of Eae
- Primate Models Of Eae
- Pathogenesis Of Eae
- Limitations Of Eae
- Viral Models Of Demyelination
- Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (Tmev)
- Mouse Hepatitis Virus
- Toxin Models Of Demyelination
- Focal Toxins
- Lysolecithin
- Ethidium Bromide
- Anti-Gaic Antibodies
- Systemic Toxins
- Cuprizone
- Zebrafish Models Of Ms
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7 Animal Models Of Schizophrenia And Associated Cognitive Dysfunction
- Tavish Gupta, Navneet Dhaliwal And Kanwaljit Chopra
- Introduction
- Animal Models
- Lesion Model
- Mam Model
- Post-Weaning Social Isolation Model
- Pharmacological Models
- Apomorphine
- Amphetamine
- Ketamine
- Phenylcycidine
- Mk801
- Genetic Models
- Disci (Disrupted -In-Schizophrenia1)
- Neuregulin (Nrg1)
- Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1(Dtnbp1)
- Reelin
- Cognitive Impairment
- Working Memory
- Evaluation Of Working Memory
- Radial Arm Maze
- Visual Learning And Memory
- Evaluation Of Visual Learning And Memory
- Novel Object Recognition Test
- Social Cognition
- The Three Chamber Test
- Attention/Vigilance
- Evaluation Of Attention/Vigilance
- In Vitro Models
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 8 Neuropsychopathology And Neurobehavioral Characteristics Of Ppa-Induced Autism Like Rat Model And Its Correlation With Gut-Brain Dysbiosis Occurring In Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Ranjana Bhandari, Rupinder Kaur Sodhi And Anurag Kuhad
- Introduction
- Gut-Brain Dysbiosis In Asd
- Role Of Short-Chain Fatty Acids In Asd
- Ppa-Induced Asd Like Rat Model
- Induction Of Asd By Intracerebroventricular Route (Icv)
- Behavioral Analysis
- Reciprocal Social Interaction
- Three-Chamber Test For Social Preference And Social Novelty Preference
- Repetitive Self-Grooming
- Partition Test
- Marble Burying
- Actophotometer
- Rotarod For Sensorimotor Dysfunction
- Communication Deficits
- Prepulse Inhibition (Ppi)
- Tests For Associated Behaviors Like Anxiety, Depression
- Morris Water Maze For Spatial, Reversal Learning & Perseverative Behavior
- Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, And Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- Inflammatory And Histological Markers
- Gut-Brain Dysbiosis Assessment/Predictive Validity Of Ppa Model
- Pre-Clinical Studies Of Ppa-Induced Asd Like Murine Model And Effectiveness Of Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Studies For Suggestions Of Future Drug Therapy
- Perspectives
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 9 Animal Models Of Huntington's Disease
- Priyanka Saroj, Priya Badyal And Anurag Kuhad
- Introduction
- Animal Models Of Huntington's Disease
- Toxins Induced Models
- Excitotoxic Model: Quinolinic Acid
- Metabolic Model: 3-Nitropropionic Acid
- Genetic Models For Huntington's Disease
- Invertebrate Models Of Hd: Caenorhabditiselegans And Drosophila Melanogaster Model
- Rodent Models
- Truncated N-Terminal Fragment Of Mhtt Model
- Full-Length Hd Models: Knock In Models
- Full-Length Hd Models: Transgenic Models
- Transgenic Large Animal Models Of Hdi
- Conclusion
Author
- Anil Kumar
- Kanwaljit Chopra
- Anurag Kuhad
- Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
