The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development brings comprehensive information about the chemistry of spices and herbs with a focus on recent research in this field. The book is an extensive 2-part collection of 20 chapters contributed by experts in phytochemistry with the aim to give the reader deep knowledge about phytochemical constituents in herbal plants and their benefits. The contents include reviews on the biochemistry and biotechnology of spices and herbs, herbal medicines, biologically active compounds and their role in therapeutics among other topics. Chapters which highlight natural drugs and their role in different diseases and special plants of clinical significance are also included.
Part I focuses on the general aspects of spice biotechnology, structure activity relationships and the natural products that can be used to treat different diseases - such as neurological diseases, inflammation, pain and infections. This part also covers information about phenolic compounds, flavonoids and turmeric supplements.
This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical and clinical research.
Part I focuses on the general aspects of spice biotechnology, structure activity relationships and the natural products that can be used to treat different diseases - such as neurological diseases, inflammation, pain and infections. This part also covers information about phenolic compounds, flavonoids and turmeric supplements.
This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical and clinical research.
Table of Contents
FOREWORD- i PREFACE
- ii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- iv CHAPTER 1 SPICES BIOTECHNOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
- Rasmieh Hamid, Feba Jacob, Mehrnaz Entesari, Shri Hari Prasad and Shivaji Ajinath Lavale INTRODUCTION
- COMPARATIVE GENOMICS AND GENE TAGGING
- Cloning and Genes Isolation
- Genetic Transformation
- NON- BIOLOGICAL GENE TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM
- Biolistic Micro-Projectile Bombardment Gene Transformation
- Biological System Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transformation
- IN PLANTA GENE TRANSFORMATION
- Introducing a More Convenient Protocol
- Natural Component Gene
- Plant Tissue Culture
- Mass Propagation
- Somatic Embryogenesis
- In-vitro Culture by Bioreactors
- In vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation
- Secondary Metabolites Production
- Protoplast Culture
- Molecular Markers
- DNA BARCODING TECHNOLOGY
- CRISPR–Cas9 System for Engineering Resistance to Viruses Infecting Spices
- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 SPICES, THE GUARDS AGAINST THE EVIL MICROBES: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SPICES
- Feba Jacob, Rasmieh Hamid, Lavale Shivaji Ajinath, Shri Hari Prasad and Mehrnaz Entesari INTRODUCTION
- ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SPICES
- Anti-bacterial Activity of Spices
- Antifungal Activity of Spices
- Antiviral Activity of Spices
- ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTION FROM SPICES
- USE OF SPICES IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
- SPICES AS FOOD PRESERVATIVES
- Pros & Cons of Using Spices as Preservatives
- SPICES IN PACKAGING MATERIAL
- Prevention of Toxin Production
- Edible Films
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 SPICES AND HERBS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROBIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- Rashmi V. Trivedi, Nitu L. Wankhede, Mayur B. Kale and Milind J. Umekar INTRODUCTION
- BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS IN HERBS AND SPICES:
- Polyphenols
- Terpenoids
- Alkaloids
- REGULATORY MECHANISM UNDERLYING TREATMENT
- Possible Mechanism of Herbs and Spices in Neurological Disorders
- Antioxidant
- Anti-inflammatory
- Cholinesterase Inhibition
- Modulation of Amino Acid Neurotransmitter System (GABA)
- SPICES AND HERBS USED IN MAJOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
- Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
- Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
- Epilepsy
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 SPICES AND HERBS IN BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL RESISTANCE
- Rashmi V. Trivedi, Mayur B. Kale, Nitu L. Wankhede and Milind J. Umekar INTRODUCTION
- ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
- DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE
- Pump Out The Antibiotic
- Destroy the Antibiotic Warhead
- Reprogramme the Target Sructure
- Mechanism of Action of Spices as an Antibacterial Agent
- ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
- DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE
- Resistance to Azoles
- Decrease drug concentration
- Target site alteration
- Up-regulation of the target enzyme
- Resistance to Polyene
- Resistance to Echinocandin
- Resistance to Flucytosine
- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SPICES AS AN ANTIFUNGAL AGENT
- DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SOME SPICES AND HERBS HAVING ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL:
- Cinnamon
- Clove
- Oregano
- Fennel
- Turmeric
- Garlic
- Ginger
- Black Pepper
- Coriander
- Thyme
- Cumin
- Nutmeg
- Rosemary
- Mustard
- Basil
- Asafoetida
- Galangal
- Cardamom
- Dill
- Anise
- USE OF HERBS AND SPICES AGAINST CORONAVIRUS
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5 NATURALLY ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM SPICES AND HERBS AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES
- Archana M. Ramteke INTRODUCTION
- Differences between Spices and Herbs
- Uses and Benefits of Spices
- Chemical Compounds in Herbs and Spices
- Anise
- Basil
- Caraway
- Cardamom
- Cayenne
- Chili Pepper
- Chives
- Cloves
- Cinnamon
- Coriander Leaves
- Coriander Seeds
- Cumin
- Dill
- Fennel
- Ginger
- Lemongrass
- Mace
- Marjoram
- Mint
- Nutmeg
- Paprika
- Parsley
- Pepper
- Peppermint
- Saffron
- Sage
- Tarragon
- Turmeric
- Vanilla
- Oregano, Rosemary and Thyme
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6 NATURALLY-DERIVED ANALGESICS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
- Shaimaa Fayez, Mariam I. Gamal El-Din, Omayma A. Eldahshan and Abdel Nasser B. Singab INTRODUCTION
- Medicinal Plant Extracts with Reported Analgesic and/or Anti-Inflammatory Activities (Table 1)
- Acanthus Ilicifolis Linn
- Ajuga Laxmannii (Murray) Benth
- Anadenanthera Colubrina Var. Cebil (Griseb.)
- Asphodelus Microcarpus Salzm. & Viv
- Athyrium Multidentatum (Doll.) Ching
- Backhousia Citriodora (Lemon Myrtle)
- Bistorta Officinalis (Bistort)
- Boswellia species oleogum resin (Frankincense, olibanum)
- Buddleja Officinalis Maxim
- Caesalpinia Minax Hance
- Caesalpinia Sappan L
- Calotropis Procera
- . Centipeda Minima (L.) A.Br
- Cissus Gongylodes (Grapevine)
- Citrus Bergamia
- Cyclamen Africanum B. et R
- Elephantopus Scaber Linn. Herb
- Elsholtzia Ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl
- Epigynum Auritum
- Eugenia Stipitate McVaugh
- Eupatorium Japonicum Thunb
- Forsythia Suspensa (Thunb.)
- Galinsoga Parviflora Cav
Author
- Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- Shashi Lata
