Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, and is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. In this book, medical experts review our current understanding of the molecular biology and characteristics of breast cancer. The topics covered in this book provide comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms underlying breast carcinogenesis, and are intended for a wide audience including scientists, teachers, and students.
11 chapters present information about several topics on breast cancer, including the role of cell growth and proliferation pathways, androgen and cytokine signaling, germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, and molecular factors causing invasive and metastatic breast cancer. In addition, the editors discuss the recent advancements in multi-omics data analysis based on inter-and intra-tumor molecular profiles.
The reference highlights how the knowledge and understanding of the biological behavior of breast neoplasms have facilitated ongoing investigations into dietary polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, making them function as cancer chemopreventive agents. Along with this, the current development of treatment strategies such as targeted molecular therapy, and radiation therapy is brought to the fore to update readers.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Breast Cancer Progression- Ajeet Kumar Verma, Sanjay Mishra, Puja Rani Mina And Swati Misri Introduction
- Types Of Breast Cancer
- Histological Subtypes
- Non-Invasive (Or In Situ) Breast Cancer
- Invasive Or Infiltrating Breast Cancer
- Metastatic Breast Cancer
- Molecular Subtypes
- Luminal A
- Luminal B
- Triple-Negative/Basal-Like
- Her2-Enriched
- Normal-Like
- Cellular And Molecular Basis Of Breast Cancer Progression
- Molecular Mechanisms Of Breast Cancer
- Cellular Mechanisms Of Breast Cancer Progression
- Immune Cells And Breast Cancer Progression
- Innate Immunity In Breast Cancer
- Nk Cells
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (Mdscs)
- Macrophages
- Adaptive Immunity In Breast Cancer
- T Regulatory Cells (Tregs)
- B-Lymphocytes
- T-Lymphocytes
- Summary And Future Directions
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Karan Singh Saini, Shankar Suman And Rituraj Konwar Introduction
- Origin And Evolution Of Breast Cancer
- Androgen Receptor (Ar) And Breast Cancer
- Androgen Receptor In The Normal Breast
- Ar In Breast Cancer
- Ar As A Prognostic Factor For Breast Cancer
- Ar As A Therapeutic Target For Breast Cancer
- Cancer Cells And Immune Response
- Mechanism Of Cancer Escape From Immune Surveillance
- Altering Immunogenic Characteristics
- Suppression Of Immune Response By Immunosuppressive Factors
- Immunosuppressive Cells
- Outpacing The Immune System
- Cytokines In Breast Cancer
- Cytokines And Steroids Synthesis
- Androgens And The Immune System
- Androgens And Innate Immune System
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages (Mφ)
- Dendritic Cells (Dcs)
- Natural Killer Cells (Nk Cells)
- Androgens And Adaptive Immunity
- Androgens And Cytokines
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Deepika Singh And Chandra Bhushan Prasad Introduction
- Risk Factors
- Subtypes
- Histological Classification
- Molecular Classification
- Genetic Predisposition
- Genomic Instability, Dna Damage Response (Ddr), And Cancer
- Dna As A Target For Cancer Therapy
- Genomic Overview Of Breast Cancer
- Targeting Dna And Ddr Response Associated Factors For Breast Cancer Therapy
- Novel Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Ddr Associated Pathways For Breast Cancer Treatment
- Parp Inhibitors (Parpi)
- Dna-Pk Inhibitor (Dnapki)
- Fen1 Inhibitor
- Atr/Chk1 Inhibitor
- Wee1 Inhibitor
- Future Directions
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Sammed N. Mandape Introduction
- Multi-Omics Data In Breast Cancer Research
- Molecular Subtyping Of Breast Cancer Using Multi-Omics Data
- Pan-Cancer Study Using Multi-Omics Data
- Bioinformatics Methods In Breast Cancer Research
- Bioinformatics For Understanding Breast Cancer Response
- Bioinformatics Tools And Techniques
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Ekhlaque A. Khan And Akhtar Parwez Introduction
- Physiological And Biological Action Of Nitric Oxide
- Various Roles Of Nitric Oxide In Promoting Carcinogenesis
- Involvement Of Nitric Oxide In Various Types Of Cancers
- Nitric Oxide In Cervix Uteri Cancer
- Hpv (Human Papillomavirus), Nitric Oxide, And Cervix Carcinoma
- Nitric Oxide In Gastric Carcinoma
- Nitric Oxide, H. Pylori, And Gastric Carcinoma
- Nitric Oxide In Head And Neck Carcinoma
- Human Papillomavirus, Nitric Oxide, And Head Neck Carcinoma
- Nitric Oxide And Lung Carcinoma
- Nitric Oxide In Brain Tumor
- Breast Cancer And Nitric Oxide
- Nitric Oxide And Hormones Involved In Breast Cancer
- Tumoricidal Versus The Tumor-Promoting Effect Of Nitric Oxide 118 Nitric Oxide As A Breast Cancer Therapeutic Agent
- Conclusions
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Prachi Gupta Introduction
- Biomarkers
- Breast Cancer Biomarkers
- Autoantibodies
- Goals Of Cancer Biomarkers
- Autoantibodies As Potential Clinical Markers For Cancer
- Techniques For Autoantibodies Identification
- Recombinant Cdna Expression Cloning Or Serex
- Serological Proteome Analysis Or Serpa
- Protein Microarray And Multiple Affinity Protein Profiling Or Mapping
- Protein Microarray
- Autoantibodies To Individual Tumor Antigens In Breast Cancer
- Autoantibody Panels For Early Detection Of Breast Cancers
- Conclusions
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Manuraj Pandey, Archana Lalwani And Rajendra Mehta Introduction
- Epigenetic Programming And Cellular Physiology
- Epigenetic Modifications Are Strongly Interlinked
- Epigenetic Imbalance In Cancer
- Breast Cancer And Epigenetics
- Methylome Of Breast Cancer
- Histone Modification In Bc
- Epigenetics In Cancer Prevention And Therapy
- Epigenetics As A Biomarker Of Cancer
- Epigenetic Therapy In Cancer
- Dnmt Inhibitors
- Hdac Inhibitors
- Combination Therapy
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Onila Lugun And Alok Kumar Pandey Introduction
- Internalization Pathways
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
- Caveolae Mediated Endocytosis
- Clathrin-Caveolae Independent Endocytosis
- Macropinocytosis
- Receptor-Mediated Internalization Of Nano-Medicine
- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
- Cd44 Receptor
- Folate Receptor (Fr)
- Formyl Peptide Receptor
- Lat1 Transporter
- Transferrin Receptor (Tfr)
- Α/Β Integrins
- Escaping Phagocytic Clearance
- Conclusions
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Author
- Shankar Suman
- Shivam Priya
- Akanksha Nigam
