Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory complication and affects approximately 1 % of the global population. It affects three times more women than men. RA is an autoimmune disorder elicited by exposure of genetic factors from the host to unknown antigens causing arthritogenic complaints. It also includes the activation of lymphocytes as well as CD4+ helper T cells along with local release of chronic inflammatory mediators and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and various cytokines like interleukins (IL) that enormously affect the joints. The available allopathic therapies for RA are not a cure for the complications, and antibody therapy and surgical procedures are expensive.
However, in the present era, researchers and healthcare professionals have moved toward natural medicines obtained from plants and other natural sources. Research based on developments in phytomedicine has progressed steadily. Evidence has been collected to show the massive therapeutic potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems against many pathological complications. Researchers have focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products used for treatment and counteracting various disorders along with their complications having negligible adverse effects.
Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders compiles current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and herbal formulations useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 11 chapters explain the role of natural products in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Topics have been contributed by experts in medicinal chemistry and rheumatology.
The book first introduces the reader to rheumatoid arthritis before delving into conventional and alternative therapies for the disease. The editors have also included special topics such as the biomarkers for RA, cytokines and anti-inflammatory mediators, preclinical and clinical studies. The range of topics should provide a comprehensive overview of natural remedies for arthritis and the role of natural products in anti-arthritic drug development.
The information will be useful for many readers including medical and pharmacology students, multidisciplinary research scholars, scientists, pharma / herbal / food industrialists, and policy makers.
However, in the present era, researchers and healthcare professionals have moved toward natural medicines obtained from plants and other natural sources. Research based on developments in phytomedicine has progressed steadily. Evidence has been collected to show the massive therapeutic potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems against many pathological complications. Researchers have focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products used for treatment and counteracting various disorders along with their complications having negligible adverse effects.
Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders compiles current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and herbal formulations useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 11 chapters explain the role of natural products in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Topics have been contributed by experts in medicinal chemistry and rheumatology.
The book first introduces the reader to rheumatoid arthritis before delving into conventional and alternative therapies for the disease. The editors have also included special topics such as the biomarkers for RA, cytokines and anti-inflammatory mediators, preclinical and clinical studies. The range of topics should provide a comprehensive overview of natural remedies for arthritis and the role of natural products in anti-arthritic drug development.
The information will be useful for many readers including medical and pharmacology students, multidisciplinary research scholars, scientists, pharma / herbal / food industrialists, and policy makers.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Types of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Seropositive
- Seronegative
- Miscellaneous Type
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Sub-Types
- Epidemiology
- Symptoms
- Etiology
- Genetic
- Hormonal
- Immunologic Factors
- Environmental Influences
- Socioeconomic Factors
- Psychological Factors
- Risk Factors
- Age and Sex
- Infections and the Microbiome
- Periodontitis
- Bodyweight
- Complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Widespread Inflammation
- Joint Damage
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Cervical Myelopathy
- Effects on Skin
- Eye Complications
- Neck Pain
- Blood Vessel and Heart Disease
- Lung Problems
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetes
- Emotional Effects
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Criteria
- Diagnostic Tests
- Differential Diagnosis
- Medical History
- Physical Examination
- Blood Tests
- Imaging Tests
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Prevention
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Anil T. Pawar, Akshay M. Baheti, Pallavi Adate-More and Aman Upaganlawar Introduction
- Conventional Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- Glucocorticoids
- Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
- Biological Dmards
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Hitesh Malhotra and Anjoo Kamboj Introduction
- Biomarkers
- Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Tnf-Α)
- Interferon (Inf)
- Interleukin-1 (Il-1)
- Interleukin-6 (Il-6)
- Interleukin-12 (Il-12)
- Interleukin-15 (Il-15)
- Interleukin-17 (Il-17)
- Interleukin-18 (Il-18)
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Sudha Vengurlekar and Subhash Chandra Chaturvedi Introduction
- Bioactive Compounds in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Polyphenols
- Flavonoids
- Anthocyanin
- Fatty Acid
- Alkaloids
- Saponins
- Terpenoids
- Bioactive Components from Essential Oils
- Β-Caryophyllene
- Eucalyptol
- Cinnamaldehyde
- Nerolidol
- Eugenol
- Thymoquinone
- Sclareol
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Sarath Nalla, Sahdeo Prasad, Lakshmi Kavuri and Vijetha Pendyala Introduction
- Treatment Strategies
- Alpinia Galanga (Linn.)
- Aquilaria Agallocha Roxb
- Boswellia Serrataroxb
- Cedrus Deodara(Roxb.) Loud
- Chamaecyparis Obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl
- Cinnamomum Zeylanicum L
- Commiphora Mukul (Stocks) Hook.
- Curcuma Longa L
- Cyperus Spp
- Gaultheria Fragrantissimawall
- Glycyrrhiza Glabra L
- Hibiscus Platinifolius Linn
- Justicia Gendarussa Burm. F
- Litsea Cubeba (Lour.) Pers
- Ocimum Americanum L
- Piper Nigrum L
- Polygonum Viviparuml
- Rhaphidophora Glauca (Wall.) Schott
- Steudnera Colocasiifolia K.Koch
- Rhododendron Tomentosum Harmaja
- Strobilanthusixio Cephala Benth
- Strychnos Potatorum (Linn.)
- Urtica Pilulifera L
- Zingiber Officinale Roscoe
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Vikash Sharma, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas and Ravindra Kumar Pandey Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Cytokines in Ra
- Cytokines
- Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Ra
- Interleukin-1 (Il-1)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α
- Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Ra
- Interleukin-10 (Il-10)
- Interleukin-4 and 13 (Il-4 and Il-13)
- Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Ra
- Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (Tgf-Β)
- Interferon-ϒ (Ifn- ϒ)
- Inflammatory Mediators
- Eicosanoids
- Cyclooxygenase
- Prostaglandins
- Lipoxygenase
- Transcription Factors in Inflammation and Arthritis
- Nuclear Factor Nf-Κb
- Stats
- Toll-Like Receptors (Tlr)
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Disha Arora, Sanjay Sharma and Sumeet Gupta Introduction
- Treatment Strategies
- Herbal Formulations in Clinical Usage
- Natural Product Delivery by Nanotechnology
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Akshay M. Baheti, Anil T. Pawar and Aman Upaganlawar Introduction
- Herbal Formulations from Ayurveda System of Medicines
- Choorna
- Ajmodadi Choorna
- Amrutadyam Choorna (Amrutadi Churna)
Author
- Rupesh K. Gautam
- Lokesh Deb
- Kamal Dua
