Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions. Edition No. 2

Table of Contents

Part 1: Brain and Coverings Case 1 Computed Tomography Hyperdense Lesions Case 2 T1 Hyperintense Lesions Case 3 Multiple Susceptibility Artifact Lesions Case 4 Lobar Hemorrhage Case 5 Multifocal White Matter Lesions Case 6 Multiple Small DWI Hyperintense Foci Case 7 Cortical Restricted Diffusion Case 8 Ring-Enhancing Lesions Case 9 Punctate and Curvilinear Enhancing Foci Case 10 Leptomeningeal Enhancement Case 11 Dural Enhancement Case 12 Lesions Containing Fat Case 13 Extraaxial Lesions Case 14 Bilateral Central Gray Matter Abnormality Case 15 Temporal Lobe Lesions Case 16 Temporal Lobe Cystic Lesions Case 17 Multicystic Lesions Case 18 Cerebellopontine Angle Cisterns Case 19 Lateral Ventricular Lesions Case 20 Third Ventricular Lesions Case 21 Fourth Ventricular Lesions Case 22 Suprasellar Cystic Lesions Case 23 Pineal Region Case 24 Cranial Nerve Lesions Case 25 Lytic Skull Lesions Case 26 Skull Fracture Versus Sutures Case 27 Clivus Lesions Case 28 Hyperdense Cerebellum Case 29 Low Lying Cerebellar Tonsils Case 30 T2-Hyperintense Pontine Abnormalities Case 31 Cerebral Cortical Neurodegeneration Case 32 Cerebral Subcortical Neurodegeneration Case 33 Epidermoid Versus Arachnoid Cyst Case 34 Cyst With A Mural Nodule Case 35 Ecchordosis Physaliphora Versus Chordoma

Part 2: Spine Case 36 Atlantooccipital And Atlantoaxial Separation Case 37 Basilar Invagination And Platybasia Case 38 Focal Cord Deformity Case 39 Spinal Cord Infarction Case 40 Spinal Cord Metabolic/Demyelinating Processes Case 41 Enhancing Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Case 42 Enhancing Intramedullary Conus Lesions Case 43 Hemorrhagic Intramedullary Lesion Case 44 Solitary Enhancing Intradural, Extramedullary Lesions Case 45 Multiple Enhancing Intradural, Extramedullary Lesions Case 46 Cystic Intradural Extramedullary Lesions Case 47 Nerve Root Enlargement Case 48 Extramedullary Abnormal Vessels Case 49 Epidural Rim Enhancing Lesion Case 50 Vertebral Anomalies Case 51 Single Aggressive Vertebral Body Lesion Case 52 Posterior Element Lesions Case 53 Multiple Lytic Bone Lesions Case 54 Sacral Masses Case 55 Disk Infection Versus Inflammatory/Degenerative Changes Case 56 Vertebral Compression Fractures

Part 3: Head and Neck Case 57 Periauricular Cystic Lesions Case 58 Cystic Lateral Neck Masses Case 59 Infrahyoid Neck Cystic Lesions Case 60 Prestyloid Parapharyngeal Space Case 61 Post Styloid Parapharyngeal Space Case 62 Floor Of Mouth Case 63 Thyroglossal Duct Abnormalities Case 64 Primary Hyperparathyroidism Case 65 Anterior Skull Base Masses Case 66 Petrous Apex Case 67 External Auditory Canal Case 68 Middle Ear Case 69 Incomplete Partition Types 1, 2, and 3 Case 70 Lucent Temporal Bone Lesions Case 71 Lesions Of The Facial Nerve Case 72 Labyrinthine Enhancement Case 73 Lytic/Cystic Mandibular Lesions Case 74 Temporomandibular Joint Mineralized Lesions Case 75 Jugular Foramen Lesions Case 76 Optic Nerve Mass Case 77 Cavernous Sinus Mass Case 78 Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Vein/Asymmetric Cavernous Sinus Enhancement Case 79 Adult Globe Lesions Case 80 Orbital Masses Case 81 Lacrimal Gland Case 82 Extraocular Muscle Enlargement Case 83 Nasal Cavity Lesions Case 84 Solitary Parotid Mass Case 85 Bilateral Parotid Masses Case 86 Retropharyngeal Space Case 87 Cranial Nerve Denervation

Part 4: Pediatric Neuroradiology Case 88 Intraventricular Posterior Fossa Tumors Case 89 Pediatric Cerebellar Tumors Case 90 Pediatric Extraaxial Posterior Fossa Tumors Case 91 Midline Posterior Fossa Extraaxial Cystic Lesions Case 92 Pediatric Supratentorial Intraaxial Malignancies Case 93 Occipital Cephalocele Case 94 Non-cystic Posterior Fossa Malformations Case 95 Holoprosencephaly Case 96 Corpus Callosum Abnormalities Case 97 Symmetric Diffusion Abnormality in an Infant Case 98 Congenital Abnormal Ventricular Morphology Case 99 Periventricular Nodularity Case 100 Congenital Fluid-Filled Cranial Vault Case 101 Asymmetric Cerebral Hemispheres Case 102 Cortical Malformations Case 103 Hippocampal and Perihippocampal Lesions Case 104 Leukodystrophies Case 105 Congenital Infections Case 106 Congenital Arterial Anastomosis Case 107 Spinal Dysraphism Case 108 Complex Spinal Dysraphism Case 109 Pediatric T2 Hyperintense Spinal Cord Lesion Case 110 Odontoid: Acute Versus Chronic Case 111 Pediatric Nasofrontal Mass Case 112 Pediatric Globe Lesions

Authors

Juan E. Small Section Chief, Neuroradiology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts. Juan E. Small, MD is the Section Chief of the Neuroradiology Division and the Director of Neuroimaging Education at Lahey Hospital and Medical Center in Burlington, Massachusetts. He is the lead author of Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions. Dr. Small joined Lahey in 2009 after completing his medical degree at Harvard Medical School in Boston; a Master's in Neuroscience at the University of Oxford; a radiology residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital; and a neuroradiology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Dr. Small is board certified in diagnostic radiology and neuroradiology. Pamela W. Schaefer Associate Director of Neuroradiology, Clinical Director of MRI, Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Pamela Schaefer is an associate radiologist and associate director in the Division of Neuroradiology, clinical director of MRI services in the Department of Radiology and program director of the Neuroradiology Fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital. Asha Sarma Asha Sarma, MD, is a honors graduate of Dartmouth College and earned her medical degree at the University of Utah. She completed a residency in Diagnostic Radiology at Brigham and Women's Hospital, during which she served as chief resident and received a resident teaching award, and fellowships in Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology at Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sarma joined the Vanderbilt faculty in 2018. Paul Bunch

Paul M. Bunch, MD, is an Associate Professor of Radiology at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Before joining Wake Forest, Dr. Bunch completed his radiology residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital and his neuroradiology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital. His primary clinical and research interests relate to head and neck imaging, including head and neck cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, head and neck anatomy, and dual-energy CT. Dr. Bunch serves on the Editorial Board of RadioGraphics and is also actively involved with the American College of Radiology, the American Society of Neuroradiology, and the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology.