A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissions
The race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches. With contributions from an international panel representing a wide range of expertise, this book contains a multidisciplinary toolkit that covers the myriad aspects of CO2 conversion strategies. Comprehensive in scope, it explores the chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 conversion.
Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion explores a broad range of topics including linking CFD and process simulations, membranes technologies for efficient CO2 capture-conversion, biogas sweetening technologies, plasma-assisted conversion of CO2, and much more.
This important resource:
- Addresses a pressing concern of global environmental damage, caused by the greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels Contains a review of the most current developments on the various aspects of CO2 capture and utilization strategies
- Incldues information on chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 capture and utilization
- Offers in-depth insight into materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling with respect to CO2 capture and conversion
Written for catalytic chemists, electrochemists, process engineers, chemical engineers, chemists in industry, photochemists, environmental chemists, theoretical chemists, environmental officers, Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion provides the most current and expert information on the many aspects and challenges of CO2 conversion.
Table of Contents
1 CO2 Capture - A Brief Review of Technologies and Its Integration 1
Mónica García, Theo Chronopoulos, and Rubén M. Montañés
1.1 Introduction: The Role of Carbon Capture 1
1.2 CO2 Capture Technologies 2
1.3 Integration of Post-combustion CO2 Capture in the Power Plant and Electricity Grid 17
1.4 CO2 Capture in the Industrial Sector 21
1.5 Conclusions 22
2 Advancing CCSU Technologies with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): A Look at the Future by Linking CFD and Process Simulations 29
Daniel Sebastia-Saez, Evgenia Mechleri, and Harvey Arellano-García
2.1 Sweep Across the General Simulation Techniques Available 29
2.2 Multi-scale Approach for CFD Simulation of Amine Scrubbers 32
2.3 Eulerian, Eulerian-Lagrangian, and Discrete Element Methods for the Simulation of Calcium Looping, Mineral Carbonation, and Adsorption in Other Solid Particulate Materials 38
2.4 CFD for Oxy-fuel Combustion Technologies: The Application of Single-Phase Reactive Flows and Particle Tracking Algorithms 41
2.5 CFD for Carbon Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): The Link Between Advanced Imaging Techniques and CFD 41
2.6 CFD for Carbon Utilization with Chemical Conversion: The Importance of Numerical Techniques on the Study of New Catalysts 44
2.7 CFD for Biological Utilization: Microalgae Cultivation 46
2.8 What Does the Future Hold? 47
3 Membranes Technologies for Efficient CO2 Capture-Conversion 55
Sonia Remiro-Buenamañana, Laura Navarrete, Julio Garcia-Fayos, Sara Escorihuela, Sonia Escolastico, and José M. Serra
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Polymer Membranes 56
3.3 Oxygen Transport Membranes for CO2 Valorization 60
3.4 Protonic Membranes 65
3.5 Membranes for Electrochemical Applications 69
3.6 Conclusions and Final Remarks 78
4 Computational Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Catalytic Conversion 85
Javier Amaya Suárez, Elena R. Remesal, Jose J. Plata, Antonio M. Márquez, and Javier Fernández Sanz
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 General Methods for Theoretical Catalysis Research 85
4.3 Characterizing the Catalyst and Its Interaction with CO2 Using DFT Calculations 87
4.4 Microkinetic Modeling in Heterogeneous Catalysis 89
4.5 New Trends: High-Throughput Screening, Volcano Plots, and Machine Learning 92
5 An Overview of the Transition to a Carbon-Neutral Steel Industry 105
Juan C. Navarro, Pablo Navarro, Oscar H. Laguna, Miguel A. Centeno, and José A. Odriozola
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Global Relevance of the Steel Industry 106
5.3 Current Trends in Emission Policies in the World's Leading Countries in Steel Industry 109
5.4 Transition to a Carbon-Neutral Production. A Big Challenge for the Steel Industry 110
5.5 CO2 Methanation: An Interesting Opportunity for the Valorization of the Steel Industry Emissions 114
5.6 Relevant Projects Already Launched for the Valorization of the CO2 Emitted by the Steel Industry 116
5.7 Concluding Remarks 119
6 Potential Processes for Simultaneous Biogas Upgrading and Carbon Dioxide Utilization 125
Francisco M. Baena-Moreno, Mónica Rodríguez-Galán, Fernando Vega, Isabel Malico, and Benito Navarrete
6.1 Introduction 125
6.2 Overview of Biogas General Characteristics and Upgrading Technologies to Bio-methane Production 127
6.3 CCU Main Technologies 131
6.4 Potential Processes for Biogas Upgrading and Carbon Utilization 133
6.5 Conclusions 138
7 Biogas Sweetening Technologies 145
Nikolaos D. Charisiou, Savvas L. Douvartzides, and Maria A. Goula
7.1 Introduction 145
7.2 Biogas Purification Technologies 146
7.3 Biogas Upgrading Technologies 157
7.4 Conclusions 166
8 CO2 Conversion to Value-Added Gas-Phase Products: Technology Overview and Catalysts Selection 175
Qi Zhang, Laura Pastor-Pérez, Xiangping Zhang, Sai Gu, and Tomas R Reina
8.1 Chapter Overview 175
8.2 CO2 Methanation 176
8.3 RWGS Reaction 183
8.4 CO2 Reforming Reactions 188
8.5 Conclusions and Final Remarks 195
9 CO2 Utilization Enabled by Microchannel Reactors 205
Luis F. Bobadilla, Lola Azancot, and José A. Odriozola
9.1 Introduction 205
9.2 Transport Phenomena and Heat Exchange in Microchannel Reactors 207
9.3 Application of Microreactors in CO2 Capture, Storage, and Utilization Processes 212
9.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 221
10 Analysis of High-Pressure Conditions in CO2 Hydrogenation Processes 227
Andrea Álvarez Moreno, Esmeralda Portillo, and Oscar Hernando Laguna
10.1 Introduction 227
10.2 Thermodynamic Aspects 229
10.3 Overview of Some Industrial Approaches Focused on the Production of Valuable Compounds form CO2 Using a Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) Approach 234
10.4 Techno-Economic Considerations for the Methanol Production from a CCU Approach with the Use of High Pressure 238
10.5 Concluding Remarks 248
11 Sabatier-Based Direct Synthesis of Methane and Methanol Using CO2 from Industrial Gas Mixtures 253
K. Müller, J. Israel, F. Rachow, and D. Schmeißer
11.1 Overview 253
11.2 Methane Synthesis of Gas Mixtures 255
11.3 Applications 260
11.4 Methanol Synthesis 274
12 Survey of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the CO2 Reduction to CO via Reverse Water Gas Shift 281
Thomas Mathew, Simi Saju, and Shiju N. Raveendran
12.1 Introduction 281
12.2 RWGS Catalysts 281
12.3 Mechanism of RWGS Reaction 306
13 Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Syngas 317
Manuel Antonio Díaz-Pérez, A. de Lucas Consuegra, and Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz
13.1 Introduction 317
13.2 Production of Syngas 319
13.3 Electroreduction of CO2/Water Mixtures to Syngas 320
13.4 Conclusions 329
14 Recent Progress on Catalyst Development for CO2 Conversion into Value-Added Chemicals by Photo- and Electroreduction 335
Luqman Atanda, Mohammad A. Wahab, and Jorge Beltramini
14.1 Introduction 335
14.2 CO2 Catalytic Conversion by Photoreduction 336
14.3 CO2 Catalytic Conversion by Electroreduction 346
15 Yolk@Shell Materials for CO2 Conversion: Chemical and Photochemical Applications 361
Cameron Alexander Hurd Price, Laura Pastor-Pérez, Tomas Ramirez-Reina, and Jian Liu
15.1 Overview 361
15.2 Key Benefits of Hierarchical Morphology 363
15.3 Materials for Chemical CO2 Recycling Reactions 366
15.4 Synthesis Techniques for CS/YS: A Brief Overview 372
15.5 Future Advancement 375
16 Aliphatic Polycarbonates Derived from Epoxides and CO2 385
Sebastian Kernbichl and Bernhard Rieger
16.1 Introduction 385
16.2 Aliphatic Polycarbonates 386
16.3 Catalyst Systems for the CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization 392
16.4 Conclusion 402
17 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for CO2 Cycloaddition Reactions 407
Ignacio Campello, Antonio Sepúlveda-Escribano, and Enrique V. Ramos-Fernández
17.1 Introduction to MOF 407
17.2 MOFs as Catalysts 407
17.3 CO2 Cycloadditions 414
17.4 Oxidative Carboxylation 420
18 Plasma-Assisted Conversion of CO2 429
Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst, Gerard J. van Rooij, and Leon Lefferts
18.1 Introduction 429
18.2 Plasma-catalytic CO2 Conversion 437
18.3 Perspective 448
18.4 Conclusion 450
References 451
Index 463
