This study looks closely at which AI applications higher education faculty are using, how much they are using them, how important they are to them, and how much they plan to use them in the future. The study provides distinct data sets on how much time faculty spend on ChatGPT, Bard, AI-enabled Bing, and Llama. It also provides data on how much time survey participants plan to spend learning about each application, and just how much an impact they expect AI to make on their research, scholarship and teaching. Respondents estimate how important AI is to their work currently, and how important they expect it to be in the future. The study enables higher education policymakers to pinpoint the growth of use of AI among faculty, enabling better and more targeted assistance, workshops, and other services, and aid in developing institutional polices based on hard data.
Data in the report is based on a representative survey of 777 higher education faculty; the data is presented in the aggregate and also broken out by a broad range of institutional and personal characteristics including age, gender, race/ethnicity, income level, work title and academic field, as well as institution size, type and public/private status, among other variables.
Just a few of the many findings of this comprehensive 113 page report:
- Males spent more than twice as much time than females using Bard.
- Use of ChatGPT was greatest by faculty in fine and visual arts, medicine and business
- Faculty in the 40-49 age group were the most interested in investing their personal time in improving their artificial intelligence application skill level; however, faculty under age 30 were the ones that thought AI the most important to their work.
- Broken out by ethnicity, minority group faculty (Asian, Hispanic, Black) showed significantly higher levels of interest in AI than did Caucasian faculty.
Table of Contents
THE QUESTIONNAIRE
- Characteristics of the sample
- Institutional Affiliations of the Survey Participants
SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS
- Time Spent in the Past Week Using Bard
- Time Spent in the Past Week Using AI-Enabled Bing
- Time Spent in the Past Week Using ChatGPT
- Faculty Evaluation of the Importance of AI in Their Research, Teaching and Scholarship
- Faculty Expectations of the Probable Importance of AI for their Research, Teaching and Scholarship Three Years in the Future
- Faculty Plans to Invest Time in Learning to Use ChatGPT
- Plans to Invest Time in Learning How to Use Bard
- Plans to invest Time in Mastering Facebooks AI Product Llama
- Plans to Study Use of AI-Enabled Bing
LIST OF TABLES
- Table 1 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? If nothing, please put in "0".
- Table 1.1.1 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard.
- Table 1.1.2 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by academic title
- Table 1.1.3 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 1.1.4 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 1.1.5 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 1.1.6 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 1.1.7 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by political views
- Table 1.1.8 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 1.1.9 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 1.1.10 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 1.1.11 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 1.1.12 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by academic field
- Table 1.1.13 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? Bard. Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 1.2.1 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing.
- Table 1.2.2 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by academic title
- Table 1.2.3 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 1.2.4 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 1.2.5 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 1.2.6 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 1.2.7 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by political views
- Table 1.2.8 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 1.2.9 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 1.2.10 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 1.2.11 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 1.2.12 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by academic field
- Table 1.2.13 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 1.3.1 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT.
- Table 1.3.2 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by academic title
- Table 1.3.3 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 1.3.4 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 1.3.5 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 1.3.6 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 1.3.7 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by political views
- Table 1.3.8 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 1.3.9 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 1.3.10 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 1.3.11 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 1.3.12 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by academic field
- Table 1.3.13 In the past week how much time in total aggregate weekly minutes did you spend using each AI application? ChatGPT. Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 2.1 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Table 2.2 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by academic title
- Table 2.3 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by enrollment
- Table 2.4 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 2.5 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by public or private college
- Table 2.6 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 2.7 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by political views
- Table 2.8 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 2.9 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by tenure status
- Table 2.10 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 2.11 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 2.12 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by academic field
- Table 2.13 How important are AI applications in your work currently? Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 3.1 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years?
- Table 3.2 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by academic title
- Table 3.3 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by enrollment
- Table 3.4 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 3.5 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by public or private college
- Table 3.6 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 3.7 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by political views
- Table 3.8 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 3.9 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by tenure status
- Table 3.10 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 3.11 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 3.12 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by academic field
- Table 3.13 How important do you expect AI applications will be in your work in three years? Broken out by years at present institution Who or what resources have you consulted to improve your skills in using artificial intelligence?
- Table 4 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years?
- Table 4.1.1 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT.
- Table 4.1.2 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by academic title
- Table 4.1.3 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 4.1.4 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class Table 4.1.5 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 4.1.6 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 4.1.7 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by political views
- Table 4.1.8 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 4.1.9 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 4.1.10 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 4.1.11 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 4.1.12 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by academic field
- Table 4.1.13 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? ChatGPT. Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 4.2.1 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard.
- Table 4.2.2 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by academic title
- Table 4.2.3 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 4.2.4 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 4.2.5 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 4.2.6 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 4.2.7 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by political views
- Table 4.2.8 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 4.2.9 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 4.2.10 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 4.2.11 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 4.2.12 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by academic field
- Table 4.2.13 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Bard. Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 4.3.1 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama.
- Table 4.3.2 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by academic title
- Table 4.3.3 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 4.3.4 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 4.3.5 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 4.3.6 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 4.3.7 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by political views
- Table 4.3.8 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 4.3.9 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 4.3.10 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 4.3.11 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 4.3.12 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by academic field
- Table 4.3.13 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? Llama. Broken out by years at present institution
- Table 4.4.1 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing.
- Table 4.4.2 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by academic title
- Table 4.4.3 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by enrollment
- Table 4.4.4 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
- Table 4.4.5 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by public or private college
- Table 4.4.6 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by age of respondent
- Table 4.4.7 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by political views
- Table 4.4.8 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by annual personal income
- Table 4.4.9 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by tenure status
- Table 4.4.10 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by gender of respondent
- Table 4.4.11 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by race or ethnicity
- Table 4.4.12 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by academic field
- Table 4.4.13 For each of the following artificial intelligence applications. How serious are you about learning how to use them over the next two years? AI-enabled Bing. Broken out by years at present institution Which other artificial intelligence applications have you used apart from those mentioned in the prior questions?
Institutional Affiliations of the Survey Participants
- A.T. Still University
- Abilene Christian University
- Adelphi
- Alabama State University
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- Alfred University
- Alvin Community College
- American International College
- American University
- American University of Iraq-Baghdad
- Appalachian State University
- APUS
- Arizona State University
- Arkansas State University-Mountain Home
- ASU
- Athens State University
- Austin Peay State University
- Baldwin Wallace University
- Ball State University
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Baylor University
- Bellevue University
- Bethel University
- BIDMC: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Binghamton University
- Blinn College
- Boston College
- Boston University
- Bowie State University
- Bowling Green State University
- Bradley University
- Brigham Young University
- Brigham Young University
- Brookdale Community College
- Bryant & Stratton College
- Bunker Hill Community College
- Butte Community College
- Calhoun Community College
- Calif. State University. L.A.
- California Baptist University
- California Lutheran University
- California State University Channel Islands
- California State University, Chico
- California State University, Los Angeles
- California State University, Northridge
- Caltech
- Cambridge College
- Carl Albert State College
- Carl Sandburg College
- Carleton College
- Carteret Community College
- Carthage College
- CCNY
- Central Texas College
- Cerritos College
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Champlain College
- Chapman University
- City College of New York
- City University of New York (emeritus)
- Clark University
- Clatsop Community College
- Clemson University
- Coker University
- College of DuPage
- College of San Mateo
- College of William & Mary
- Colorado Northwestern Community College
- Colorado School of Mines
- Columbia University
- Columbia-Greene Community College
- Columbus State University
- Concordia University, Saint Paul
- Cornell University
- Cornish College of the Ats
- County College of Morris
- Covenant Collège
- CSU Channel Islands
- CSU Long Beach
- CSULA
- CT State Community College Housatonic
- Culinary institute of America
- CUNY
- CUNY Hunter College
- Cuyahoga Community College
- CWU
- Dallas Baptist University
- Dallas Christian College
- Defiance College
- Delaware County Community College
- Delaware State University
- Delta College
- DePaul University
- Dewey
- Dodge City Community College
- Dominican University of California
- Drexel University
- Duke University
- Duquesne University
- Dutchess Community College
- East Carolina University
- East Texas Baptist University
- Eastern FL State College
- Eastern Illinois University
- Eastern Kentucky University
- Emory University
- Empire State University
- Emporia State University
- Eureka College
- Everett Community College
- Fairfield University
- Fairleigh Dickinson University
- Fairmont State University
- Faulkner University
- Fayetteville State University
- Florida A&M University
- Florida International University
- Florida State College at Jacksonville
- Fontbonne University
- Frank Phillips College
- Franklin College
- Franklin University
- Fresno State
- Geisinger Commonwealth Medical College
- George Mason University
- George Washington University
- Georgetown University
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Georgia Southern University
- Georgia State University
- Grand Valley State University
- Grand View University
- Gustavus Adolphus College
- Hampden-Sydney College
- Harding University
- Hawai’i Pacific University
- HGSE
- Hilbert College
- Hiram College
- Hofstra University
- Hope College
- Houston Community College
- Howard University
- Husson University
- Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Idaho State University
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- Illinois TECH
- Indiana Academy for Science, Mathematics, and Humanities
- Indiana University
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania
- Indiana university/Bloomington
- Interamerican University of P.R Metro Campus
- Iona University
- Iowa State University
- Irvine Valley College & Coastline College
- Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana- Evansville Campus
- Jackson State University
- Jacksonville State University
- James Madison University
- Jarvis Christian University
- Jefferson Community College
- Johns Hopkins University
- Johnson County Community College
- Juniata College
- Kansas State University
- Kansas Wesleyan University
- KCKCC
- Kean University
- Keiser University
- Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Kent State University
- Kenyon College
- Kettering University
- Kirkwood Community College
- La Roche University
- Lafayette College
- Lake Washington Tech
- Lawson State Community College
- Le Moyne College
- Lehigh University
- Lehigh University
- Lehman College (CUNY)
- Lenoir-Rhyne University
- Lewis University
- Liberty University
- Lincoln Land Community College
- Linn-Benton Community College Healthcare Occupations Center
- Livingstone College
- Loma Linda University
- Lone Star College
- Long Beach City College
- Longwood University
- Lorain County Community College
- Los Angeles Pierce College
- Los Angeles Southwest College
- Louisiana State University at Alexandria
- Lourdes University
- Loyola University
- Loyola University New Orleans
- LSU Health
- Luther College
- Macomb Community College
- Maharishi International University
- Manchester University
- Manhattan College
- Manthe
- Marist College
- Marymount University
- Marymount University, Malek School of Nursing
- McNeese State University
- Medical College of Wisconsin
- Medical University of South Carolina
- Medill/Northwestern U
- Merced College
- Mercer University
- Meredith College
- Merrimack College
- Merritt College
- Mesa Community College
- Messiah University
- Metropolitan College of New York
- Metropolitan State University of Denver
- Miami Dade College
- Michigan State University
- Mid-State Technical College
- Middlesex Community College
- Midland College
- Midland University
- Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
- Mississippi State University
- Missouri S&T
- Missouri Valley College
- MIT
- MIU
- MMA
- Montclair State University
- Montefiore
- Montgomery College
- Montgomery County Community College
- Montserrat College of Art
- Morningside University
- MSU
- MTC
- MTSU
- New Brunswick Theological Seminary
- New Jersey City University
- New Jersey Institute of Technology
- New Mexico State University
- New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary
- New York Institute of Technology
- New York University
- NHCTC
- NMSU-Dona Ana Comm. College
- Norfolk State University
- North Carolina State University
- Northeastern University - Boston, MA
- Northern Arizona University
- Northern Illinois University
- Northern Kentucky University
- Northwest State Community College
- Northwestern Michigan College
- Northwestern University
- Nova Southeastern University
- NY Institute of technology
- NYIT-College of Osteopathic Medicine
- NYU Langone School of Medicine
- Oakland University
- Ohio Northern University
- Ohio University
- Oklahoma State University
- Oppenheim
- OrthoTain
- Pace university
- Pacific University
- Park University
- Penn State
- Penn State Harrisburg
- Penn State University
- Penn West Edinboro University
- Pennsylvania State University
- PennWest
- PennWest University
- Pensacola State College
- Pima Community College
- Platt College
- Pontifical university mater et magistra
- Pratt Institute
- Presto Pictures
- Princeton University
- Queensborough Community College
- Raritan Valley Community College
- Regis University
- Remington College
- Ripon College
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rollins College
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
- Rosalind Franklin/Chicago Medical School
- Rush University
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey
- Saddleback College
- Saint Joseph’s University
- Saint Leo University
- Saint Mary’s College of California
- Salem State University
- San Francisco State University
- Santa Ana College
- Santa Clara University
- Santa Monica College
- Scientific College of Design
- Seattle University
- Siena College
- Sierra College
- Sinclair College
- Skidmore College
- Smith College
- Sonoma State University
- South Plains College
- South Western Community College
- Southern Methodist University
- Southwest Minnesota State University
- Spokane Falls CC
- Spokane Falls Community College
- St Mary’s College
- St. John Fisher University
- St. Lawrence University
- St. Thomas University
- Stony Brook University
- SUNY Albany
- SUNY Empire State University
- SUNY Geneseo
- Temple University
- Texarkana College
- Texas A&M University
- Texas Christian University
- Texas Southern University
- Texas Tech University
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- Texas Wesleyan University
- The George Washington University
- The Ohio State University at Mansfield
- The University of Alabama
- The University of North Texas
- The University of Tennessee at Martin
- The University of Texas at Tyler
- The University of Tulsa
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise
- Touro
- Towson University
- Truman State University
- Tulane
- Tyler Junior College
- UMass Dartmouth
- UMass Law
- UMASS Lowell
- UNC Chapel Hill
- UNC Charlotte
- UNCW
- Union College
- Union Institute and University
- Univ Alabama at Birmingham
- University of Northern Iowa
- University of South Alabama
- UNIV of TX, Rio Grande Valley
- Universidad El Bosque
- University of Virginia
- University of Akron
- University of Alabama
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- University of Alaska Fairbanks
- University of Arizona
- University of Arkansas Monticello
- University of California Merced
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, Irvine
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of Central Florida
- University of Chicago
- University of Cincinnati
- University of Colorado, Boulder
- University of Connecticut
- University of Evansville
- University of Florida
- University of Hartford
- University of Houston
- University of Idaho
- University of Illinois
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- University of Kansas
- University of Kentucky
- University of Louisville
- University of Maine
- University of Massachusetts
- University of Massachusetts--Boston
- University of Michigan
- University of Montana
- University of Nebraska Omaha
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas
- University of New Hampshire
- University of New Hampshire College of Professional Studies
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of North Carolina Charlotte
- University of North Georgia
- University of North Texas
- University of Northwestern Ohio
- University of Oregon
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Redlands
- University of Rhode Island
- University of Richmond
- University of Scranton
- University of Sioux Falls
- University of South Alabama
- University of South Carolina
- University of South Carolina Upstate
- University of South Dakota
- University of South Florida
- University of Southern California
- University of St. Thomas
- University of Tampa
- University of Tennessee
- University of Texas - San Antonio
- University of Texas at Tyler
- University of Texas Medical Branch
- University of the Cumberlands
- University of the Incarnate Word
- University of Utah
- University of Valley Forge
- University of Vermont
- University of Washington
- University of West Florida
- University of Wisconsin - Platteville
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of California-Irvine
- UTRGV
- UTSA
- UVA
- UW-Madison
- Valley College
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Virginia Tech
- Wake Technical Community College
- Walden University
- Walla Walla University
- Washington State University
- Washington University in St. Louis
- Wayne State University
- Webster University
- Wentworth Institute of Technology
- West Chester University of Pennsylvania
- West Liberty University
- West Valley College
- West Virginia University
- Westchester Community College
- Western Illinois University
- Western Kentucky University
- Western Michigan University
- Western New Mexico University
- Western Seminary
- Westfield State University
- Wheaton College (MA)
- Wichita State University
- William & Mary
- Wittenberg University
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Yakima Valley College
- Yeshiva University
Methodology
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