Molecular and Physiological Insights into Plant Stress Tolerance and Applications in Agriculture

Table of Contents

• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• List of Contributors

Chapter 1 Influence of Abiotic Stress on Molecular Responses Of

• Flowering in Rice
• Chanchal Kumari, Shobhna Yadav and Ramu S. Vemanna

1. Introduction
1.1. Receptor for Light and Temperature
1.2. Reproduction and Maintenance of Shoot Apical Meristem
1.3. Molecular Mechanisms of Flowering
1.4. Adaptation of Rice to Different Climatic Conditions
1.5. Development Made at Molecular Level to Combat Abiotic Stress in Plants

• Conclusion
• Reference

Chapter 2 a Peep into the Tolerance Mechanism and the Sugar Beet

• Response to Salt Stress
• Varucha Misra and Ashutosh Kumar Mall

1. Introduction
1.1. Characteristics of Halophytes for Salt Stress Condition
1.2. Salt Stress Tolerance Mechanism in Sugar Beet
1.3. Salt Overly Sensitive (Sos) Pathway for Salt Tolerance
1.4. The Response of Sugar Beet Under Salt Stress

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 3 the Role of Functional Genomics to Fight the Abiotic

• Stresses for Better Crop Quality and Production
• Neha Sharma, Bharti Choudhary and Nimisha Sharma

1. Introduction
1.1. The Use of Functional Genomics in Studying Plant Physiology Under Abiotic Stresses
1.1.1. Microarrays and Micrornas
1.1.2. Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (Sage)
1.1.3. Rna Sequencing
1.1.4. Rnai
1.1.5. Crispr/Cas9
1.1.6. Tilling and Eco Tilling

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 4 Genetic Enhancement for Salt Tolerance in Rice

• G. Padmavathi, R. K. Singh, M.N. Arun, B. Umakanth, G.S.V. Prasad and K.
• Muralidharan

1. Introduction
1.1. Classification of Problem Soils
1.2. Halophytes Vs Glycophytes
1.2.1. Sodium Extrusion
1.3. Effects of Salinity or Alkalinity on Rice
1.4. Screening Methods for Salinity or Alkalinity
1.5. Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance
1.6. Genetic Studies and Conventional Breeding Approaches for Salt Tolerance
1.7. Doubled Haploid Approach
1.8. Molecular Mapping of Salt Tolerance Genes/Qtls
1.9. Seedling Stage Qtls
1.10. Reproductive Stage Qtls
1.11. Wild Species - the Sources of Rice Salt Tolerance Genes/Qtls
1.12. Marker-Assisted Introgression of Saltol in Rice
1.13. Transgenic Approaches to Improve Salt Tolerance

• Concluding Remarks
• References

Chapter 5 Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plants

• Under Temperature Stress and Underlying Mechanisms
• Asma Shakeel, Syed Andleeba Jan, Shakeel a Mir, Z. Mehdi, Inayat M. Khan And
• Mehnaz Shakeel

1. Introduction
2. Temperature Stress
3. Plant Responses to High Temperature (Ht) Stress: An Overview
3.1. Germination Stage
3.2. Photosynthesis
3.3. Reproductive Growth
3.4. Transpiration
3.5. Water Relation
3.6. Oxidative Stress
3.7. Yield
4. Mitigation Strategies for High-Temperature Stress
4.1. The Function of Modified Membrane in Heat Tolerance
4.2. The Function of Antioxidative Defense in Heat Tolerance
4.3. The Function of Heat Stress Proteins (Hsps) in Heat Tolerance
4.4. The Function of Exogenous Phyto-Protectants in Heat Tolerance
4.5. Genetic Engineering Approach for Heat Tolerance
5. Plant Response to Low-Temperature Stress: An Overview
5.1. Chilling Injury
5.2. Cytological Changes Caused by Chilling Injury
5.3. Physiological Changes Caused by Chilling Injury
5.4. Water Regimes
5.5. Mineral Nutrition
5.6. Respiration Rate
5.7. Photosynthesis Rate
6. Mechanism for Chilling Tolerance
6.1. Thermal Effect
6.2. Chemical Treatment
6.3. Cellular and Genetic Engineering
6.4. Freezing Injury
7. Mechanism for Freezing Tolerance
7.1. Adaptation
7.2. Avoidance
7.3. Tolerance

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 6 Molecular Studies and Metabolic Engineering Of

• Phytohormones for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
• Sekhar Tiwari and Ravi Rajwanshi

1. Introduction
2. Phytohormones Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance
2.1. Abscisic Acid (Aba)
2.2. Auxins (Iaa)
2.3. Cytokinins (Cks)
2.4. Ethylene (Et)
2.5. Gibberellins (Gas)
2.6. Brassinosteroids (Brs)
2.7. Jasmonates (Jas)
2.8. Salicylic Acid (Sa)
2.9. Strigolactones (Sl)
3. Molecular Studies and Metabolic Engineering Of

• Phytohormones
• Conclusion and Perspectives
• References

Chapter 7 Living With Abiotic Stress from a Plant Nutrition

• Perspective in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
• Nesreen H. Abou-Baker

1. Introduction
2. Background and Review of Literature
2.1. The Ecological Factors Related to Plant Production
2.2. The Abiotic Stressors Under Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
2.2.1. Salinity
2.2.2. Drought
2.2.3. Heat
2.2.4. Pollution
2.2.5. The Impact of Abiotic Stressors on Plant
2.3. Ordinary Management and Rehabilitation of Soils and Plants Under Stress
2.3.1. Soil Management
2.3.2. Water Management
2.3.3. Crop Management
2.4. Modern Techniques to Combate Abiotic Stress
2.4.1. Nano-Technology
2.4.2. Intelligent-Green Composites
2.4.3. Genetic Engineering
2.5. Economic Aspects
3. A Future Vision/ Conclusion

• References

Chapter 8 Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Plant

• Physiological Responses Under Drought and Salt Stresses
• Abhishek Kanojia, Ayushi Jaiswal and Yashwanti Mudgil

1. Introduction
1.1. Signaling Mechanisms Under Salt Stress
1.2. Salt Stress Regulation in Plants
1.3. Signaling in Drought Stress
1.4. Pathways in Details
1.5. The Core Aba-Signalling Pathway
1.6. Pp2C: Regulator of Aba Signalling in Plants
1.7. Aba Receptors
1.8. Snrk2
1.9. Aba-Dependent Signalling Pathway
1.10. Aba-Independent Pathway
1.11. Early Osmotic Stress Signalling Pathway
1.12. Calcium Dependent Signalling
1.13. Mapk-Mediated Signalling Pathway
1.14. Proteolysis
1.15. Phospholipid Signalling
1.16. Ros-Mediated Signalling
1.17. Ethylene (Et) Signalling
1.18. Jasmonic Acid (Ja) Signalling
1.19. Salicylic Acid (Sa) Signalling
1.20. Brassinosteroids (Brs) Signalling

• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 9 Salt Stress and Its Mitigation Strategies for Enhancing

• Agricultural Production
• Priyanka Saha, Jitendra Singh Bohra, Anamika Barman and Anurag Bera

1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Problem Soils and Their Features
3.1. Acid Soil
3.2. Salt-Affected Soils
4. Diagnostic Criteria and Classification
5. Management Strategies
5.1. Management Strategies for Reclaiming Acid Soil
5.2. Management Strategies for Reclaiming Sodic Soil
5.3. Management of Saline Soil

• Conclusion
• Path Ahead
• References

Chapter 10 Impact of Heat Coupled With Drought Stress on Plants

• Battana Swapna, Srinivasan Kameswaran, Mandala Ramakrishna and Thummala
• Chandrasekhar

1. Introduction
1.1. Morpho-Physiological Responses to Drought Coupled With Heat Stress
1.2. Plant Growth
1.3. Root System
1.4. Photosynthesis
1.5. Metabolites
1.6. Antioxidants
1.7. Yield
1.8. Molecular Responses to Heat Coupled With Drought Stress
1.9. New Approaches for Developing Tolerance to Heat Coupled With Drought Stress

• Conclusion and Future Perpspectives
• References
• Subject Index

Author

• Jen-Tsung Chen