Fundamentals of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy offers student radiographers a user-friendly guide to all the most common X-ray examinations and the correct patient positioning for each projection. The result is an indispensable handbook that promises more practical value and usability than any current textbook on the market.
Fundamentals of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy readers will also find: - Line-drawings and radiographic images throughout to illustrate patient positioning and resultant images- Coverage of anatomical regions including thoracic cavity, shoulder girdle, spine, and more - Simple, logical organisation to maximise utility
Fundamentals of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy is ideal for students and educators in diagnostic radiography, as well as recently qualified radiographers looking for a handbook-sized reference.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1 An Introduction to Radiographic Positioning and Terminology 1
Anatomical Terminology 2
Positioning Terminology 4
Projection Terminology 8
Glossary of Terms 9
2 Thoracic Cavity and Abdomen 13
Chest
Postero-anterior (PA) Projection of the Chest 14
Lateral Projection of the Chest (Left) 16
Sternum
Lateral Projection of the Sternum (Left) 18
Abdomen
Antero-posterior (AP) Supine Projection of the Abdomen 20
3 Upper Limb 23
Fingers
Dorsi-palmar (DP) Projection of the Index and Middle Fingers (Left) 24
Lateral Projection of the Index Finger (Left) 26
Lateral Projection of the Middle Finger (Left) 28
Dorsi-palmar (DP) Projection of the Ring and Little Fingers (Left) 30
Lateral Projection of the Ring Finger (Left) 32
Lateral Projection of the Little Finger (Left) 34
Thumb
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Thumb (Right) 36
Postero-anterior (PA) Projection of the Thumb (Right) 38
Lateral Projection of the Thumb (Right) 40
Hand
Dorsi-palmar (DP) Projection of the Hand (Left) 42
Dorsi-palmar (DP) Oblique Projection of the Hand (Left) 44
Lateral Projection of the Hand (Left) 46
Wrist
Postero-anterior (PA) Projection of the Wrist (Right) 48
Lateral Projection of the Wrist (Right) 50
Scaphoid
Postero-anterior (PA) Oblique Projection with Ulnar Deviation of the Wrist for Scaphoid (Left) 52
Zitter’s Projection of the Wrist for Scaphoid (Left) 54
Forearm
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Forearm (Right) 56
Lateral Projection of the Forearm (Right) 58
Elbow
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Elbow (Right) 60
Lateral Projection of the Elbow (Right) 62
Humerus
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Humerus (Left) 64
Lateral Projection of the Humerus (Left) 66
4 Shoulder Girdle 69
Shoulder
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Shoulder (Right) 70
Supero-inferior (Axial) Projection of the Shoulder (Right) 72
Scapula
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Scapula (Right) 74
Lateral (Y) Projection of the Scapula (Right) 76
Clavicle
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Clavicle (Right) 78
Infero-superior Projection of the Clavicle (Right) 80
5 Lower Limb 83
Hallux
Dorsi-plantar (DP) Projection of the Hallux (Left) 84
Lateral Projection of Hallux (Left) 86
Foot
Dorsi-plantar (DP) Projection of the Foot (Left) 88
Dorsi-plantar (DP) Oblique Projection of the Foot (Left) 90
Turned Lateral Projection of the Foot (Left) 92
Calcaneum
Axial Projection of the Calcaneum (Left) 94
Lateral Projection of the Calcaneum (Left) 96
Ankle
Antero-posterior (AP) Mortise Projection of the Ankle (Right) 98
Lateral Projection of the Ankle (Right) 100
Tibia and Fibula
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Tibia and Fibula (Tib/ Fib) (Left) 102
Lateral Projection of the Tibia and Fibula (Tib/Fib) (Left) 104
Knee
Antero-posterior Projection of the Knee (Left) 106
Turned Lateral Projection of the Knee (Left) 108
Horizontal Beam Lateral (HBL) Projection of the Knee (Right) 110
Femur
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Femur (Right) - Hip Down 112
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Femur (Right) - Knee Up 114
Lateral Projection of the Femur (Right) - Hip Down 116
Lateral Projection of the Femur (Right) - Knee Up 118
6 Pelvic Girdle 121
Pelvis
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Pelvis 122
‘Low Centred’ Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Pelvis 124
Hip Joint
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Hip Joint (Left) 126
Turned Lateral Projection of the Hip Joint (Left) 128
Horizontal Beam Lateral Projection of the Hip Joint (Right) 130
Sacro Illiac Joints
Postero-anterior (PA) Projection of the Sacroiliac Joints 132
7 Spine 135
Cervical Spine
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Cervical Spine 136
Lateral Projection of the Cervical Spine (Right) 138
Antero-posterior (AP) Open Mouth Odontoid Process (Peg) Projection 140
Thoracic Spine
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Thoracic Spine 142
Lateral Projection of the Thoracic Spine (Right) 144
Lumbar Spine
Antero-posterior (AP) Projection of the Lumbar Spine 146
Lateral Projection of the Lumbar Spine (Right) 148
8 Skull and Facial Bones
Skull
Occipito-frontal (OF) 20° Projection of the Skull 152
Fronto-occiptal (FO) 30° (Towne’s) Projection of the Skull 154
Lateral Projection of the Skull (Right) 156
Facial Bones
Occipito-mental (OM) Projection of the Facial Bones 158
Occipito-mental (OM) 30° Projection of the Facial Bones 160
Lateral Projection of the Facial Bones (Right) 162
Mandible
Postero-anterior (PA) Projection of the Mandible 164
Lateral Oblique Projections of the Mandible (Right) 166
Orbits
Occipito-frontal (OF) 20° Projection of the Orbits 168
Dental
Dental Panoramic Tomography (DPT) 170
Index 173
