Nanotechnology for Sustainable Food Packaging covers the latest techniques and applications of nanotechnology, demonstrating capabilities to revolutionize the food packaging sector. This includes concepts of biodegradable food packaging, approaches to improve material functionality, robust sensing systems, and the scope of employing advanced analytical and computational approaches to support progress in the field. Throughout, the text focuses on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including life cycle analysis, biodegradability, green practices, eco-friendliness, and sustainability.
This book explores the major food packaging matrixes (polymers, edible films, and multilayers), different categories of advances (composites, active and intelligent packaging), labeling considerations, region- and country-specific regulatory frameworks, and safety concerns. Readers will also find a futuristic preview of this rapidly advancing field and an overview of lab-ready technologies with the potential for commercialization.
Written by a team of highly qualified authors, Nanotechnology for Sustainable Food Packaging discusses sample topics including: - Nanotechnology’s potential to improve the shelf life of food products, the chemistry and functionality of different materials based on merits and possible challenges- Sources, chemistry, and functionality of various bio-based sources and their usage as nanocomposites, and bio-based alternatives, drawbacks, and research trends- Bioactive compounds in food packaging and their benefits, preparation methods, characterization approaches, delivery, and assessment- Surface modification approaches through sustainable physico-chemical approaches, and the development of flexible packaging materials suitable for specific requirements such as nonthermal processing
Nanotechnology for Sustainable Food Packaging is an essential scientific and technological reference for scientists and R&D personnel who are interested in advancing food packaging technologies. The book is also valuable for students, researchers, and food industry professionals studying nanotechnology in food, food packaging, and food science and technology.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxiii
1 Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 1
P. Santhoshkumar and JeyanA. Moses
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 2
1.3 Conclusion 10
References 10
2 Trends in Food Packaging and the Scope of Nanotechnology 15
Dravin Pratap Singh, Ila Singh, B. S. Unnikrishnan, and Gopinath Packirisamy
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Role of Nanotechnology in Food Packaging 16
2.3 Types of Nanomaterials Deployed in Food Packaging 18
2.4 Categorization of Food Packaging 23
2.5 Effects of Food Packaging Materials on the Environment 28
2.6 Future Scope of Nanotechnology in Food Packaging 29
2.7 The Commercial Value of Food Packaging in the Market 29
2.8 Patents Related to Food Packaging 30
2.9 Conclusion 33
Acknowledgment 33
References 33
3 Polymer-Based Nanocomposites in Food Packaging 41
Vijayakumar Raja, L. Mahalakshmi, M. Maria Leena, and C. Anandharamakrishnan
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Types of Polymers 42
3.3 Types of Fillers 42
3.4 Polymer Nanocomposites - Preparation Methods 43
3.5 Mechanism of Reinforcement 44
3.6 Common Polymer Nanocomposites Used in Food-Packaging Systems 45
3.7 Applications in Food Packaging 47
3.8 Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 48
3.9 Environmental Impact 53
3.10 Conclusion 54
References 54
4 Inorganic and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials in Food Packaging 63
Akanksha Shetty, Rishab Subramaniam, and Sundus Nida
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Types and Functions of Nanomaterials in Food Packaging 64
4.3 Inorganic and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials Applied in Food Packaging 71
4.4 Properties of Inorganic and Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 74
4.5 Legislation and Regulatory Aspects 77
4.6 Applications in Food Systems 78
4.7 Conclusion and Future Trends 79
References 80
5 Edible Coatings: Concept, Applications and Toxicological Aspects 83
Luana S. C. Carnaval, Andrelina Maria Pinheiro Santos, Betty Del Carmen Jarma Arroyo, Enayde de Almeida Melo, Amit K. Jaiswal, and Swarna Jaiswal
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 Edible Coating Concept, Nanotechnology, and Raw Materials Applied to These Matrices 84
5.3 Methods of Coating 85
5.4 Nanocomposites and Bio-Based Materials for Edible Coatings 92
5.5 The Essential Properties of Bio-Nanocomposite Coatings 94
5.6 Coatings as Substance Releasers or Carriers in Food Models 95
5.7 General Safety Aspects Related to the Development of Food Contact Materials 98
5.8 Toxicological Aspects, Safety, and Components Migration Related to Edible Coatings 99
5.9 Conclusion and Prospects 100
Acknowledgment 100
Conflicts of Interest 101
References 101
6 Multilayer Flexible Films for Bio-Based Food Packaging 111
Maria José Costa, Victor Souza, Lorenzo Pastrana, and Miguel Ângelo Cerqueira
6.1 Introduction 111
6.2 Bio-Based Materials and Methodologies 112
6.3 Multilayer Structures 119
6.4 Food Applications 125
6.5 Conclusion 127
Acknowledgments 127
References 127
7 Nanoencapsulation and Nanodelivery Through Food Packaging 135
Vimala S. K. Bharathi and Digvir S. Jayas
7.1 Introduction 135
7.2 Food-Packaging Applications 138
7.3 Perishable Food Applications 140
7.4 Stored Grains 145
7.5 Health and Environmental Impacts of Nanoencapsulated Materials 149
7.6 Summary and Prospects 151
References 151
8 Active Packaging: Concept, Applications, and Regulatory Aspects 161
A. Vanmathi Mugasundari and Jeyan A. Moses
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 Types and Mechanisms of Nano Material-Based Active Packaging 162
8.3 Nanomaterial-Based Active Packaging Enhancements in MAP 172
8.4 Emerging Concepts and Future Trends 172
8.5 Regulatory Considerations and Safety 174
8.6 Conclusion 174
References 175
9 Intelligent Packaging: Concept, Applications, and Regulatory Aspects 183
Kalpani Y. Perera, Luana S. C. Carnaval, Amit K. Jaiswal, and Swarna Jaiswal
9.1 Introduction 183
9.2 Concepts of Intelligent Packaging 185
9.3 Types of Intelligent Packaging 186
9.4 Nanotechnological Applications in Intelligent Packaging 195
9.5 Applications of Intelligent Food Packaging for Meat/Fish, Fruits, Vegetables, and Dairy Products 198
9.6 Regulatory Aspects 203
9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 203
Acknowledgment 204
References 204
10 Biosensors and Nanosensors for Quality Evaluation in Food Packaging 211
Devika Yadav, Vijayakumar Raja, and C. Anandharamakrishnan
10.1 Introduction 211
10.2 General Working Principles of Biosensors, Nanosensors and Bio-Nanosensors 212
10.3 Applications of Biosensors, Nanosensors, and Bio-Nanosensors in Food Packaging 214
10.4 Challenges and Future Trends 224
10.5 Conclusion 224
References 225
11 Biodegradable Food Packaging and Additive Manufacturing Technology 237
Adity Bahndral, Rafeeya Shams, and Pintu Choudhary
11.1 Introduction 237
11.2 Emerging Concerns on the Usage of Synthetic Polymers 239
11.3 Biodegradable Materials Used for Food Packaging 242
11.4 Advantages and Limitations of Biodegradable Polymer 249
11.5 Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging 250
11.6 Biodegradation and Waste Valorization of Eco-friendly and Sustainable Biopolymers 253
11.7 Market Trends in Biodegradable Food Packaging 254
11.8 Emerging Applications of Novel Techniques for the Development of Biodegradable Packaging Materials 261
11.9 Conclusion and Future Perspective 264
References 265
12 Nanoscale Surface Modification by Fatty Acid Grafting Technologies 281
Corina L. Reichert, Lisa-Marie Dietz, and Markus Schmid
12.1 Introduction 281
12.2 Chemical Process 282
12.3 Upscaling Options and Requirements 291
12.4 Industrial Fields of Application 292
12.5 Legal Aspects 295
12.6 Occupational Safety 296
12.7 Sustainability Aspects and Future Scenarios 297
Acknowledgments 300
References 301
13 Applications of Nanotechnology in the Packaging of Special/Space Foods 305
Vidushi Kapoor, Vijayakumar Raja, Ishita Neogi, and C. Anandharamakrishnan
13.1 Introduction 305
13.2 Criteria for Packaging of Space Foods 306
13.3 Evolution of Space Foods and Packaging Technologies 307
13.4 Exploration Agencies and Their Packaging Trends 307
13.5 Applicability of Nano Packaging to Processed Space Foods 309
13.6 Emerging/Novel Space Food Packaging Technologies 313
13.7 Challenges Faced in Space Food Packaging 316
13.8 Use of Nanotechnology for Quality Detection of Space Foods 317
13.9 Future Scope of Packaging Materials for Space Foods 317
13.10 Conclusion and Outlook 318
References 319
14 Life Cycle Analysis in Food Packaging 325
Shweta Deotale, Divyajyoti Biswal, and Sachin A. Mandavgane
14.1 Introduction 325
14.2 Sustainable Food Packaging 327
14.3 Life Cycle Assessment 328
14.4 LCA of Nanofood Packaging 335
14.5 Environmental Impacts of Nanofood Packaging Materials 338
14.6 Major Challenges and Future Perspective 340
14.7 Conclusion 340
References 341
15 Migratory Effects, Safety, and Concerns of Nanofood Packaging 345
Rahul Kumar and Kanishka Bhunia
15.1 Introduction 345
15.2 Nanomaterial Types in Nanofood Packaging 346
15.3 Migration of Nanomaterials from Packaging 350
15.4 Factors Affecting the Migration 352
15.5 Diffusion Models and Their Terminologies 355
15.6 Migration Modeling 358
15.7 Modeling Approaches for Different Packaging Materials 363
15.8 Migration Modeling Software 364
15.9 Migratory Effects of Nanoparticles on Food 366
15.10 Migration Tests 366
15.11 Toxicological Effect of Nanoparticles on Human Health 369
15.12 Safety Regulation 370
15.13 Final Remarks 371
References 372
16 Global Regulatory Frameworks for Nanomaterials in Food Packaging 381
Singam Suranjoy Singh, Anns Annie Gigi, Prasanth K. S. Pillai, and K.V. Ragavan
16.1 Introduction 381
16.2 Scope of Nanomaterials in Food Packaging 381
16.3 Regulations in Different Regions 392
16.4 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Nano-Based Agri Inputs and Food Products in India 395
16.5 Global Standards 398
16.6 Market Trends and Consumer Preference 400
16.7 Perspectives and Conclusion 402
References 402
17 Nanotechnology Solutions in Food Packaging: Present and Future 409
Navjot Kaur, Hamid, and Pintu Choudhary
17.1 Introduction 409
17.2 Current Status of Food Nanotechnology 411
17.3 Applications in Food Packaging Industry 412
17.4 Future Prospective 418
17.5 Conclusion 420
References 421
18 Sustainability and Future of Nanofood Packaging 427
J. Cyril Robinson Azariah, D. Sungeetha, and Ashley George Thomas
18.1 An Introduction to Sustainable Packaging 427
18.2 Potential Future Applications for Smart Packaging with Various Food Products 429
18.3 The Future of Antimicrobial Packaging Systems 431
18.4 Nanotechnology in Sustainable Plastics for Food Packaging 434
18.5 Sustainable Preparation Methods for Nanomaterials 435
18.6 Future Research Areas Based on Societal Demand and Emerging Approaches 435
18.7 Nondestructive Quality Checks 436
18.8 Novel Sustainable Advanced Materials and Their Future Scope 437
18.9 Conclusion 437
References 437
Index 441
