Lifestyle diseases and related conditions present a major healthcare challenge for children, posing a significant threat to their well-being. The Editors have compiled chapters to present a multicentric approach to the subject.
This book is an insightful reference to lifestyle diseases and their management in adolescents. It includes ten chapters with a focus on systemic disorders that are linked to lifestyle issues. Topics in this volume include gut microbiome and gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, dental diseases, respiratory diseases and allergies associated with pesticides, cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and common infectious diseases.
The book highlights the risk factors and determinants of these diseases, and where an immediate intervention is needed. An updated understanding of the diseases with scientific references gives readers crucial information for setting the groundwork for long-term public health policy formulation.
This book serves as a primary resource for scholars and trainees in nursing, medical (pediatrics and endocrinology) and paramedical courses who are required to understand lifestyle diseases with a focus on adolescents. Readers and professionals in public health, life-sciences and related disciplines can also use this as a secondary reference.
Readership
Primary: scholars and trainees in nursing, medical (pediatrics and endocrinologists) and paramedical courses. Secondary: readers in public health services and administration, life-sciences and related disciplines.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Microbiome in Teenagers - Acquisition and Development
1. Introduction
2. The Normal Microbiome of Adolescence
2.1. Resident Flora
2.2. Transient Flora
3. The Skin
4. Mouth and Respiratory Tract
4.1. Nose
4.2. Mouth and the Pharynx
4.3. Teeth
4.4. Upper and Lower Respiratory Systems
5. Gastrointestinal Tract
5.1. Stomach
5.2. Small Intestine
5.3. Large Intestine
6. Genito-Urinary Tract
6.1. The Urinary System
6.2. Urine
6.3. Urethra
6.4. Vagina
7. Importance of Microbiome in Adolescents
8. Emerging Trends for Microbiome Analysis and Research
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 2 Neurological Disorders and Epilepsy Among Adolescents
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Adolescent
3. Epilepsy in Association With Female Sexual Health
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Antiepileptic Drugs
5. Weight Changes Associated With Antiepileptic Drugs
6. Bone Mineral Density and Adolescent Epilepsy
7. Depression in Adolescents With Epilepsy
8. Other Neurological Disorders
8.1. Multiple Sclerosis
8.2. Wilson’s Diseases
8.3. Myasthenia Gravis
8.4. Peripheral Neuropathies
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 3 Lifestyle-Associated Dental Diseases in Adolescents
1. Introduction
2. Classification
3. Oral Health Across the Lifespan: Adolescence
3.1. Adolescent Individuals Are Susceptible to
4. Factors Affecting Dental Health
4.1. Orofacial Injury
4.2. Oral Manifestations
4.3. Avulsion
4.4. Temporomandibular Disorders
4.5. Smoking & Tobacco Use
4.6. Oral Manifestations
4.7. Management
4.8. Alcohol
4.9. Management
4.10. Stress
4.11. Aphthous Ulcers
4.12. Tmj Disorder
4.13. Management
4.14. Lichen Planus
4.14.1. Leukoplakia
4.15. Treatment
4.16. Orofacial Neuralgia
4.17. Obesity
4.18. Dietary Behaviors
4.19. Illicit Drug Use
4.20. Mental Health
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 4 Association of Pesticides With Adolescent Asthma and Bronchial Hyper-Reactivity
1. Introduction
1.1. What is An Asthma Attack?
1.2. Asthma Severity and Control Management
1.3. Etiology
1.4. Prevalence and Incidence
2. Pesticides Trigger Asthma in Adolescent Children
2.1. Pesticides Aggravate Asthma
3. Specific Pesticides Linked to Asthma
3.1. Insecticides
3.2. Organochlorines
3.3. Organophosphates
3.4. Pyrethroids
3.5. Carbamates
3.6. Herbicides
3.6.1. Glyphosate
3.6.2. 2,4-D
3.6.3. Atrazine
3.7. Fungicides
4. Diagnosis of Asthma
4.1. Physical Activity of the Body
4.2. Evaluation
4.2.1. Making the Diagnosis of Asthma
4.2.2. Methacholine Challenge
4.2.3. Allergy Testing
4.2.4. Exacerbation
5. Treatment
5.1. Step Therapy for Asthma
5.2. Management for Acute Exacerbation
5.2.1. Albuterol
5.2.2. Ipratropium
5.2.3. Corticosteroids
5.2.3. Magnesium Sulfate
6. Devices Used in Asthma Management
6.1. Metered-Dose Inhalers (Mdi) or Puffers
6.2. Nebulizers
6.3. Oral Medications
6.4. Injected Medications
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 5 Cancer in Adolescents
1. Background
2. Lifestyle Factors Causing Cancer in Adolescents
2.1. Obesity
2.2. Diet
2.3. Alcohol
2.4. Radiation
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 6 Hypertension and Cardiovascular Problems - An Outlook Associated With Adolescents’ Lifestyles
1. Introduction
2. Adolescent Lifestyle
2.1. Factors Associated With Adolescent Lifestyle
3. Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors in Adolescents
3.1. Related Health Problems
3.2. Cardiovascular Problems and Causes
3.2.1. Effects
3.3. Hypertension and Causes
3.3.1. Effects
4. Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: a Known Risk Factor
For Cardiovascular (Cvs) Illness
5. Dyslipidemia as a Gamble Element for Creating Cardiovascular
Illness and Hypertension in Women of Conceptive Age
6. Diet Related Factors Linked With Hypertension And
Cardiovascular Problems
6.1. Lifestyle Factors in Adolescence Diet
6.2. Reported Dietary Factors
7. Confounding Factors
8. Research on the Link Between High Blood Pressure And
Cardiovascular Disease
9. Future Prospects
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 7 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Diseases in Adolescents
1. Introduction
2. Lactose Intolerance
3. Celiac Disease
4. Gastroesophageal Reflux
5. Peptic Ulcer Disease
6. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
7. Appendicitis
8. Constipation
9. Hemorrhoids
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 8 Diabetes and Its Associated Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adolescents
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology of Diabetes in Adolescence
2.1. Type 2 Diabetes
2.2. Type 1 Diabetes
3. Pathogenesis of Diabetes in Adolescence
3.1. Type 2 Diabetes
3.2. Type 1 Diabetes
3.2.1. Stress
3.2.2. Peer Support and Personal Model
3.2.3. Quality of Life
4. Gastrointestinal Disorders in Diabetes
4.1. Oral Disorders
4.2. Dysphagia and Heartburn
4.3. Diabetic Diarrhea
4.4. Constipation
4.5. Cholelithiasis
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 9 Polycystic Ovarian Disease Associated With Adolescent Lifestyles
1. Introduction
2. Pcos: Causes and Comorbidities
2.1. Causes of PCOS:
2.2. Pcos: Associated Comorbidities
2.2.1. Menstrual Irregularity (Chronic Anovulation)
Author
- Aditi Singh
- Abhishek Nandy
