PEATE’S BODY SYSTEMS
EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
A CONCISE, ILLUSTRATED, AND ACCESSIBLE GUIDE TO THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
Each of the twelve volumes in Peate’s Body Systems series is rooted in the belief that a deep and thorough understanding of the human body is essential for providing the highest standard of care. Offering clear, accessible and up-to-date information on different body systems, this series bridges the gap between complex scientific concepts and practical, everyday applications in health and care settings. This series makes for an invaluable resource for those committed to understanding the intricacies of human biology, physiology and the various systems that sustain life.
Ear, Nose and Throat is the perfect companion for students and newly registered practitioners across nursing and allied health fields with an interest in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) care, providing a comprehensive yet easy-to-digest guide for both academic and clinical application.
- Equips healthcare students and practitioners with the necessary information to provide safe and competent care
- Features colourful illustrations to aid comprehension, clarify complicated concepts, and render content more engaging and accessible
- Empowers readers to adapt to a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, preparing them for the future of healthcare delivery
- Contains information necessary for effective patient care of those with tinnitus, Ménière’s disease, sinusitis, and other ENT diseases and conditions
Table of Contents
Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
1 Anatomy and Physiology: Ear, Nose and Throat 1
Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear 1
Physiology of Hearing 5
The Organ of Corti 6
Physiology of Balance 6
Integration of Hearing and Balance 7
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nose 8
Olfaction 10
Resonance of the Voice 12
Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat 13
The Anatomy of the Throat 13
The Physiology of the Throat 14
Conclusion 15
Glossary of Terms 15
Multiple Choice Questions 16
References 18
2 Assessment of the Ears, Nose and Throat 19
Assessment of the Ears 19
History Taking 19
The Physical Examination 21
Assessing the Ear Canal and the Eardrum 23
Inspecting the Tympanic Membrane 24
Hearing Acuity Tests 24
Assessment of the Nose 26
History Taking 26
The Physical Examination 28
Assessment of the Throat 30
Documentation and Follow-up 32
Conclusion 32
Glossary of Terms 33
Multiple Choice Questions 34
References 35
3 Tinnitus 36
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Tinnitus 36
Epidemiology 39
Risk Factors 40
Clinical Presentation 42
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 42
Management 46
Health Teaching 47
Conclusion 48
Glossary of Terms 49
Multiple Choice Questions 50
References 52
4 Ménière’s Disease 53
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Ménière’s Disease 53
Epidemiology 54
Risk Factors 54
Clinical Presentation 58
Stages of Ménière’s Disease 59
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 60
Findings in Ménière’s Disease 63
Management 64
Driving 65
Health Teaching 65
Conclusion 67
Glossary of Terms 68
Multiple Choice Questions 69
References 70
5 Sinusitis 72
The Paranasal Sinuses 72
Functions of the Paranasal Sinuses 72
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Sinusitis 73
Anatomy and Drainage Pathways 74
Mechanisms of Sinusitis Development 75
Clinical Course of Infections 75
Epidemiology 77
Risk Factors 77
Clinical Presentation 79
Differential Diagnoses 80
Complications 80
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 81
Chief Complaint 81
Symptom Description 81
Associated Factors and Conditions 82
Environmental and Occupational Exposures 83
Medications and Treatments 83
Lifestyle Factors 83
Family History 83
Review of Systems 84
Management 85
Health Teaching 85
Conclusion 87
Glossary of Terms 88
Multiple Choice Questions 89
References 90
6 Nasal Polyps 91
Nasal Obstruction 91
Anatomical Blockage 91
Inflammatory Conditions 91
Foreign Body in the Nose 91
Clinical Approach and Management 92
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Nasal Polyps 92
Cytokine and Chemokine Release 93
Epithelial Damage and Remodelling 94
Tissue Oedema 94
Structural and Functional Alterations 94
Immunological Factors 94
Genetic Factors 94
Microbiome Alterations 94
Epidemiology 95
Risk Factors 96
Clinical Presentation 98
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 99
Contents vii
Nasal Endoscopy 100
Allergy Testing 100
Aspirin Sensitivity Testing 100
Biopsy 100
Laboratory Tests 100
Differential Diagnosis 100
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 101
Management 101
Health Teaching 103
Conclusion 104
Glossary of Terms 105
Multiple Choice Questions 105
References 106
7 Laryngeal Cancer 108
Communicating Effectively 108
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Laryngeal Cancer 109
Cellular Changes 109
Structural and Functional Changes 110
Systemic Changes 110
Advanced Stages 110
Epidemiology 110
Risk Factors 111
Clinical Presentation 113
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 115
Management 116
Health Teaching 119
Conclusion 121
Glossary of Terms 121
Multiple Choice Questions 122
References 123
8 Tonsillitis 125
Lymphoid Tissue 125
Quinsy 125
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Tonsillitis 127
Epidemiology 129
Risk Factors 129
Clinical Presentation 130
Differentiating Viral and Bacterial Tonsillitis 131
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 132
Management 137
Health Teaching 137
Conclusion 138
Glossary of Terms 139
Multiple Choice Questions 139
References 141
MCQ Answers 142
Index 143
