The advancement of wireless communication technologies has revolutionized the way we connect and interact with the digital world. The introduction of 5G networks has paved the way for faster, more reliable, and low-latency wireless connections. However, as technology continues to evolve, the focus is now shifting toward exploring the future potential of 5G and 6G and their applications in various industries. One such industry that stands to benefit significantly from these advancements is healthcare, particularly with the concept of smart hospitals. The development of smart hospitals relies on IT infrastructure, software solutions, and data management systems. IT professionals and software developers work with healthcare professionals on designing and implementing systems that enable seamless connectivity, data integration, analytics, and security in smart hospital environments. Smart Hospitals: 5G, 6G, and Moving Beyond Connectivity delves into the potential of 5G, 6G, and smart hospitals, highlighting how they go beyond mere connectivity.
Table of Contents
1 Smart Hospitals: Integrating Connectivity and Intelligence 1
Yashwanth S., Varshini Kulkarni, Chethana H. T. and Chaitra N. C.
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Implementation of Smart Hospitals 4
1.3 Literature Review 14
1.4 Conclusion 19
References 20
2 Evolution of 5G and 6G Cellular Systems 23
Kama Ramudu, Bodla Rushikesh, Pingili Shiva Chandana, B. Jagadish Kumar and Venkat Tulasi Krishna Gannavaram
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Objectives of the Study 26
2.3 Scope and Significance 27
2.4 Basics of Cellular Technology 27
2.5 5G Technology 28
2.6 Towards 6G 30
2.7 Technologies Enabling 6G 31
2.8 Challenges in 6G Developments 33
2.9 Future Prospects and Industry Impacts 34
2.10 Comparative Analysis: 5G Versus 6G 36
2.11 Main Contribution of 5G and 6G Evolution 37
2.12 Limitations of 5G and 6G Cellular System 39
2.13 Conclusion 40
References 41
3 A Review on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies in the Field of Healthcare 45
Deekshitha S. Nayak and R. Shivarudraswamy
Abbreviation 45
3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Augmented Reality in Healthcare 49
3.3 Virtual Reality in Healthcare 52
3.4 Advantages of AR and VR in the Healthcare 54
3.5 Challenges and Future Scope 57
3.6 Conclusion 58
References 58
4 Compressed Sensing Reconstruction Algorithms for Medical Images - A Comparison 61
Kavitha K. J., Vishwaraj B. Manur, Suprith P. G., Mahendra S. Naik and Chaitra S. N.
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Concept of Compressed Sensing Theory 72
4.3 Comprehensive Sensing Reconstruction Algorithms 75
4.4 Results and Discussion 86
4.5 Contribution of the Work 88
4.6 Limitations 88
4.7 Conclusion 88
References 89
5 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) 91
Gobinath A., Rajeswari P., Suresh Kumar N. and Anandan M.
5.1 Introduction: Internet of Medical Things 92
5.2 Wearable Devices and Sensors for IoMT 96
5.3 Challenges Faced in Customizing Wearable Devices 99
5.4 Real-World Examples of IoMT Implementation 101
5.5 Conclusions 103
References 104
6 The Impact of 5G and 6G on Healthcare 107
Rajeswari P., Gobinath A., Suresh Kumar N. and Anandan M.
6.1 Introduction: The Evolution of Wireless Connectivity: A Journey from 4G to 6G 108
6.2 Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring 110
6.3 IoT in Healthcare and Advanced Medical Imaging 110
6.4 Anticipated Impact of 6G in Healthcare 111
6.5 Current State of Healthcare Connectivity 112
6.6 Limitations and Hurdles in Current Healthcare Communication Systems 114
6.7 Impact of 5G on Healthcare 116
6.8 The 6G Horizon: Unveiling the Potential Frontiers of Advanced Connectivity 117
6.9 Terahertz-Frequency Communication 117
6.10 Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) 118
6.11 Holographic Communication 118
6.12 Advanced Artificial Intelligence Integration 119
6.13 Massive Device Connectivity 119
6.14 Environmental and Energy Efficiency 119
6.15 Designing an Antenna for Healthcare Applications 120
6.16 Conclusion 122
References 123
7 Design and Fabrication of Vehicle Automation Systems 125
Dhivya V., Karthikeyan M. and Selvam M.
Nomenclatures 126
7.1 Introduction 126
7.2 Related Work 127
7.3 Design of the Project 128
7.4 Fabrication 134
7.5 Conclusion 136
7.6 Future Scope 137
References 137
8 Design and Optimization of Antennas with Improved ON-OFF Body Performance for Biomedical Applications 139
A.B. Gurulakshmi, Bhawna Khokher, G. Rajesh, Sanjeev Sharma, S. Meghana, Y. Veni, S. Bhavishya and Mohammed H. Alsharif
8.1 Introduction 140
8.2 Literature Review 141
8.3 Antenna Design 142
8.4 Comparison Results 163
8.5 Limitations 166
8.6 Conclusion 166
References 167
9 Beyond 5G-Based Smart Hospitals: Integrating Connectivity and Intelligence 169
Kiran Chand Ravi, G. Kavitha, Lakkakula Hari Prasad, Narni V. V. S. Srinivasa Rao, Shanmugavel Deivasigamani, Janjhyam Venkata Naga Ramesh and Shams Tabrez Siddiqui
9.1 Introduction 170
9.2 Related Works 173
9.3 Methodology 177
9.4 6G-Enabled SHS Applications and Challenges 179
9.5 Future Research Directions and Recommendations 185
9.6 Conclusions 188
References 188
10 Patient Monitoring Using 5G, with MIMO-NOMA for mm-Wave Communications in Heterogeneous Networks 195
Suprith P. G., Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed, Mahendra Shridhar Naik, Kavitha K. J. and Chaitra S. N.
10.1 Introduction 196
10.2 Related Works 197
10.3 NOMA Architecture 202
10.4 Power Allocation to the 5G-Enabled NOMA Users and Hospital 204
10.5 NOMA-MIMO System 204
10.6 Results and Discussion 208
10.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 211
References 211
11 A Review on the Internet of Medical Things 215
Sowmith Prajwal, Tharun Salgar S., Chethana H.T. and Karthik R.
11.1 Introduction 216
11.2 Architecture of IoMT 217
11.3 IoMT - Applications, Benefits and Challenges 224
11.4 Literature Review 229
11.5 Conclusion 231
References 231
12 6G Networks Technology: An Exhaustive Survey 235
Nishant Gaur, Sumit Chakravarty and Aziz Nanthaamornphong
12.1 Introduction 236
12.2 Wireless Networks Evolution: 1G to 6G 240
12.3 Methods 245
12.4 Results and Discussion 250
12.5 Conclusion 252
References 253
13 Smart Hospitals: Integrating Connectivity and Intelligence: A Comprehensive Study and Challenges 257
Nishi Singh, Nidhi Gour and Ankit Kumar Tiwari
13.1 Introduction 258
13.2 Smart Hospital Challenges and Opportunities 265
13.3 Smart Hospital System Design 267
13.4 Smart and Connect Health 271
13.5 IoT Design Architecture for Healthcare 278
13.6 Conclusion 283
References 284
14 Exploring the Role of 6G Technology in Smart Healthcare Systems: Challenges, and Future Trends 287
Sajja Suneel, Manjula K., Sowmya B. K., Venkateshmurthy B. S., Shams Tabrez Siddiqui and Lakshmana Phaneendra Maguluri
14.1 Introduction 288
14.2 Theoretical Background 292
14.3 Taxonomy 294
14.4 Key Enabling Technologies for 6G Smart Healthcare 302
14.5 Research Challenges and Future Directions 305
14.6 Conclusion 310
References 311
Index 315
