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Survey of Research-Oriented Faculty, Experience of Open Access & Open Science

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    Report

  • 88 Pages
  • August 2024
  • Region: Global
  • Primary Research Group
  • ID: 6013482

This study looks at how research faculty have been influenced by open access requirements to post research findings in pre-print archives, digital repositories, or otherwise make research findings available through open access venues. In addition, the report looks at spending on open access publication fees, presenting detailed data on such spending, broken down by various variables.

In addition, the report breaks down which departments or entities pay article publication fees for authors, determining precise shares for funding agencies, academic departments, academic libraries, college or university administration as well as authors themselves.

Just a few of the many findings of this 88-page report:

  • Computer Science faculty reported the highest rate of not pursuing a grant due to open access requirements
  • Faculty in Visual Arts, Medicine, and Neuroscience/Psychiatry reported the highest rates of declining partnerships due to open access or open science issues.
  • Faculty with more than $5 million in lifetime grant receipts reported that a mean of 51% of their newly submitted publications were required to be made available through open access.
  • Female respondents reported a higher mean sum of open access publication fees paid over the two year period ($3,782.65) compared to male respondents ($2,574.21).
  • Academic departments covered 8.73% of total open access publication fees paid by the respondents over the past two years.

The data in the report is based on a survey of 378 higher education faculty drawn from a stratified universe of faculty emphasizing STEM faculty. Data is broken out by numerous institutional and personal variables including college or university type, size, and public/private status, as well as by personal respondent level of lifetime grant receipts, age, gender, work title and academic field. Data is broken out for 20 subject areas, and separately for research universities, doctoral institutions, BA and community colleges.

Table of Contents

THE QUESTIONNAIRE
  • Characteristics of the sample
  • Institutional Affiliations of the Survey Participants
SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS
  • Percentage of Respondents Who have Turned Down a Grant Due to Open Access Requirements
  • Not Pursuing a Grant Due to Stringent Open Access Requirements
  • Turning Down a Research Partnership Due to Lack of Control over Data or Results
  • Not Submitting to a Journal Due to High Author Fees
  • Percentage of Scholarly Articles Published with the Stipulation that they be Made Available in Open Access Repositories
  • Percentage of Articles Required to be Made Available in Pre-print Archives (for Submitted Drafts)
  • Mean Amount Paid Over Past Two Years in Author Publication Fees to Place Articles in Open Access Publications
  • Sources of Financing Open Access Publication Fees
  • Percentage of Open Access Fees Covered by a Grant Funding Entity
  • Percentage of Open Access Fees Covered by Academic Libraries
  • Percentage of Open Access Fees Covered by College/University Administration
  • Percentage of Open Access Fees Covered by Academic Departments
  • Percentage of Open Access Fees Covered by Authors Themselves
  • Percentage of Open Access Fees Covered by All Other Sources not Previously Mentioned
List of Tables
Table 1 In your career, have you ever done any of the following?
Table 1.1.1 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent
Table 1.1.2 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by enrolment
Table 1.1.3 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by academic field
Table 1.1.4 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by academic title
Table 1.1.5 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.1.6 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.1.7 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by public or private college
Table 1.1.8 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 1.1.9 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 1.1.10 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a grant because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 1.2.1 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent
Table 1.2.2 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by enrolment
Table 1.2.3 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by academic field
Table 1.2.4 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by academic title
Table 1.2.5 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.2.6 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.2.7 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by public or private college
Table 1.2.8 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 1.2.9 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 1.2.10 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not pursued a grant from a funding source because open access requirements were too stringent. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 1.3.1 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data
Table 1.3.2 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by enrolment
Table 1.3.3 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by academic field
Table 1.3.4 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by academic title
Table 1.3.5 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.3.6 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.3.7 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by public or private college
Table 1.3.8 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 1.3.9 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 1.3.10 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Turned down a potential research partner because you would not have enough control over results or underlying data. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 1.4.1 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees
Table 1.4.2 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by enrolment
Table 1.4.3 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by academic field
Table 1.4.4 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by academic title
Table 1.4.5 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.4.6 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.4.7 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by public or private college
Table 1.4.8 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 1.4.9 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 1.4.10 In your career, have you ever done any of the following? Not considered a journal for an article submission because of high author publication fees. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 2 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives?
Table 2.1.1 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles)
Table 2.1.2 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by enrolment
Table 2.1.3 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by academic field
Table 2.1.4 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by academic title
Table 2.1.5 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by age of respondent
Table 2.1.6 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 2.1.7 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by public or private college
Table 2.1.8 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 2.1.9 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 2.1.10 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Open access repositories (for published articles) Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 2.2.1 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts).
Table 2.2.2 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by enrolment
Table 2.2.3 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by academic field
Table 2.2.4 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by academic title
Table 2.2.5 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by age of respondent
Table 2.2.6 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 2.2.7 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by public or private college
Table 2.2.8 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 2.2.9 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 2.2.10 Over the past two years what percentage of the scholarly articles that you published or were accepted for publication were required to be made available in open access repositories or in preprint archives? Pre-print archives (for submitted drafts). Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 3.1 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US)
Table 3.2 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by enrolment
Table 3.3 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by academic field
Table 3.4 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by academic title
Table 3.5 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by age of respondent
Table 3.6 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 3.7 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by public or private college
Table 3.8 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 3.9 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 3.10 Over the past two years, how much has been charged by open access publishers for author publication fees for your research articles? (in $US) Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 4 Of the amount charged, how much was paid by each of the following entities? (in $US) Answer in percentages and the total should add to 100%.
Table 4.1.1 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity
Table 4.1.2 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by enrolment
Table 4.1.3 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by academic field
Table 4.1.4 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by academic title
Table 4.1.5 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.1.6 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.1.7 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by public or private college
Table 4.1.8 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 4.1.9 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 4.1.10 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? A funding entity. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 4.2.1 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic library
Table 4.2.2 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by enrolment
Table 4.2.3 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by academic field
Table 4.2.4 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by academic title
Table 4.2.5 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.2.6 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.2.7 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by public or private college
Table 4.2.8 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 4.2.9 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic library. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 4.2.10 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities?  Academic library. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 4.3.1 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University
Table 4.3.2 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by enrolment
Table 4.3.3 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by academic field
Table 4.3.4 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by academic title
Table 4.3.5 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.3.6 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.3.7 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by public or private college
Table 4.3.8 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 4.3.9 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 4.3.10 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? University. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 4.4.1 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department
Table 4.4.2 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by enrolment
Table 4.4.3 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by academic field
Table 4.4.4 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by academic title
Table 4.4.5 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.4.6 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.4.7 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by public or private college
Table 4.4.8 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 4.4.9 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 4.4.10 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? Academic department. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 4.5.1 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally
Table 4.5.2 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by enrolment
Table 4.5.3 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by academic field
Table 4.5.4 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by academic title
Table 4.5.5 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.5.6 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.5.7 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by public or private college
Table 4.5.8 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 4.5.9 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 4.5.10 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? You personally. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class
Table 4.6.1 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other
Table 4.6.2 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by enrolment
Table 4.6.3 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by academic field
Table 4.6.4 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by academic title
Table 4.6.5 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.6.6 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.6.7 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by public or private college
Table 4.6.8 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by number of courses taught last semester
Table 4.6.9 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by lifetime grant receipts
Table 4.6.10 Of the amount charged, what percentage was paid by each of the following entities? All Other. Broken out by type of college or Carnegie Class

Sources / Contributors

  • Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine
  • Alfred University
  • Alvin Community College
  • Ann Closs Farley Designs
  • Antelope Valley College
  • Ashland University
  • AthLEDA
  • Auburn University
  • Austin College
  • Austin Peay State University
  • Azusa Pacific University/ UCLA
  • Ball State University
  • Benedict College
  • Borough of Manhattan Community College
  • Bowie State University
  • Brigham Young University
  • Cal State University San Bernardino
  • California Baptist University
  • California College of the Arts
  • California State University Channel Islands
  • California State University Los Angeles
  • California State University, Long Beach
  • Caltech
  • Cassel
  • Central Texas College
  • Central Washington University
  • Champlain College
  • Chapman University
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
  • Clark Atlanta University
  • Clark University
  • Clemson University
  • College of Staten Island & The Graduate Center CUNY
  • College of William & Mary
  • Concordia College
  • Cornell University
  • CSU, Los Angeles
  • CU Anschutz Medical School/ Children's Hospital Colorado
  • CU Denver
  • Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts Un
  • Dartmouth College
  • Delaware State University
  • Denison University
  • Dona Ana Community College/NMSU
  • Drexel University
  • FCCSM
  • Felician University
  • Florida International University
  • Florida State University
  • Fort Scott Community College-part Of Eastern Iowa Cc District
  • Fresno Pacific University
  • Gambia College
  • George Mason University
  • Georgetown University 
  • Georgia Gwinnett College
  • Grand Valley State University
  • GVSU
  • Hartnell College Umoja
  • Harvard Medical School
  • Hawaii Pacific University
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
  • Illinois Institute of Technology
  • Indiana University
  • Indiana University Bloomington
  • Iowa State University
  • JILA
  • John Jay College
  • John Jay College of Criminal Justice
  • Johns Hopkins
  • Johnson County Community College
  • Kansas State University
  • Lake Washington Institute of Technology
  • Lamar Community College
  • Lawrence University
  • Liberty University
  • Los Angeles Pierce College
  • Louisiana Tech University
  • Loyola Marymount University
  • LSCC
  • LSUHSC
  • Macomb Community College
  • Maharishi International University
  • Maryland Institute College of Art
  • Marymount University
  • Massasoit Community College
  • Medical College of Wisconsin
  • Mercer
  • Metropolitan College of NY
  • Midlands Technical College
  • Monmouth College
  • Montana State University
  • Morehouse School of Medicine
  • National University
  • Neuroscience Institute - GSU
  • New England Institute of Technology
  • Northeastern University
  • Northern Illinois University
  • Northwell Health Hofstra
  • Northwestern University
  • Nova Southeastern University
  • Ohio University
  • Oklahoma State University
  • Old Dominion University
  • Oregon State University
  • OSU-COM
  • Penn State College of Medicine
  • Penn State University
  • Penn West Edinboro
  • Rhode Island College
  • Rhodes College
  • Rice University
  • Rio Hondo College
  • Rollins College
  • Rosalind Franklin University
  • Rowan University
  • Rutgers University
  • Saint Leo University
  • Salem State University
  • School of Med, UCI
  • School of the Art Institute of Chicago
  • Sierra College
  • Southern Union State Community College
  • Southwest Minnesota State University
  • Spokane Falls Community College
  • Stockton University
  • SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
  • SUNY ESF
  • SUNY- University at Buffalo
  • SUO
  • Talladega College
  • Tarrant County College
  • TCU
  • Teachers College, Columbia University
  • Temple University
  • Tennessee State University
  • Texas A&M University
  • Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
  • The Culinary Institute of America
  • The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Cen
  • The University of Oklahoma
  • The University of Texas at Austin
  • Touro University California
  • Towson University
  • TRIO SSS
  • Troy University
  • Tufts University
  • UB
  • UC
  • UC Riverside
  • UCCS 
  • UCH
  • UMHB
  • UNCW
  • Univ Massachusetts Chan Medical School
  • Univ of Colorado at Boulder
  • University at Buffalo
  • University of Arizona
  • University of Arkansas
  • University of Central Florida
  • University of Chicago
  • University of Cincinnati
  • University of Colorado
  • University of Connecticut
  • University of Delaware
  • University of Denver
  • University of Erlangen
  • University of Florida
  • University of Georgia
  • University of Illinois
  • University of Kansas
  • University of Kentucky
  • University of Louisville
  • University of Mississippi
  • University of Nebraska
  • University of Nebraska - Lincoln
  • University of New Mexico
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • University of North Texas
  • University of North Texas Health Science Center
  • University of Oklahoma
  • University of Oregon
  • University of Pittsburgh
  • University of South Alabama
  • University of South Carolina
  • University of South Dakota
  • University of South Florida, Department of Chemistry
  • University of Southern California
  • University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • University of Texas at Tyler
  • University of the Incarnate Word
  • University of TN - Martin
  • University of Utah
  • University of Virginia
  • University of Washington
  • University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
  • USC
  • UT Dallas
  • UT Southwestern
  • Utah State University
  • Utah state university
  • UTSA
  • UVA Center for Politics
  • Walla Walla University
  • Washington State University
  • Wayne State University
  • West Virginia University
  • Western New Mexico University
  • Western Washington University
  • Whitworth University
  • Wichita State University
  • WSU Lake
  • Yeshiva University
  • Yuba Community College

Methodology

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