The fifteen chapters in this book provide a comprehensive exploration of how sustainable nanotechnology can revolutionize infectious disease management and bridge the gap between the fundamental principles of nanotechnology and their practical applications in combating infectious diseases. Subjects covered include: the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the limitations of existing therapies; the challenges of infectious disease management including the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the limitations of existing therapies; nano-pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics in the treatment of infectious diseases; the advancements in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, and the future of personalized medicine; nanotheranostic mechanisms outlining how nanomaterials can be engineered to simultaneously diagnose and treat infections; nano drug delivery systems that contribute to enhancing the efficacy and precision of treatment modalities; biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases; regulatory perspectives of nanomaterials ensuring they meet safety and efficacy standards; green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide, carbon dots, and its composites for infectious diseases and biosurfactants; nanomaterials of polymeric design underscoring their potential to create more effective and sustainable therapeutic options; how nanomaterials can be engineered to simultaneously diagnose and treat infections.
Audience
The book targets nanotechnology researchers, scientists, and healthcare professionals interested in understanding nanotechnology’s critical role in sustainable healthcare solutions.
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
1 Introduction of Sustainable Nanotechnology and Its Potentiality 1
Sandeep Yadav, Prashant Singh, Pallavi Jain, Kamlesh Kumari, Bakusele Kabane, Lebogang Maureen Katata-Seru and Indra Bahadur
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Principles of Sustainable Nanotechnology 3
1.3 Applications of Sustainable Nanotechnology 6
1.4 Conclusion 17
2 A Review on Infectious Disease Management and Their Challenges 23
Dasari Sravani
2.1 Infectious Diseases 23
2.2 Types of Infectious Illnesses 24
2.3 Epidemics Diseases in 19th Century 26
2.4 Disease Epidemics in the 20th Century 29
2.5 Epidemics Diseases in 21st Century 30
2.6 Vaccination for Humans 30
2.7 Results and Discussion 31
2.8 Challenges Faced by People Due to Sudden Microbial Outbreaks 35
2.9 Recommendations for the Global Community 38
2.10 Measures for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Threats 42
2.11 Authors Contributions 42
2.12 Acknowledgements 43
2.13 Conclusions 43
3 Challenges in Infectious Disease Management 51
Aishwarya Rathore, Sheelu Sharma and Manu Sharma
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Challenges Faced to Control Infectious Disease 52
3.3 Global Warming and Its Impact on the Management of Infectious Diseases 60
3.4 Antibiotic Resistance 61
3.5 Demographic Shift and Aging Population 65
3.6 Modern Food Technology as a Threat 65
3.7 Key to Overcome the Challenges 67
3.8 Conclusion 70
4 Nanopharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics 81
Sulochana G., Rajeshkumar S. and Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
Abbreviations 82
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Method of Synthesis 84
4.3 Different Classes of Nanoparticles 87
4.4 Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology 90
4.5 Route of Administration 94
4.6 Interaction Within the Body Pharmacotherapeutic of the Nanoparticles 95
4.7 Potential Drug Delivery System 99
4.8 Toxicity of Nanoparticles 101
4.9 Conclusion 104
5 Vaccines, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infectious Diseases 113
K. Ganesh Kadiyala, Kommuru Goutham, Naresh Kumar Katari and Yamini Vanipenta
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Contemporary Methods for Combating Infectious Disease 115
5.3 Focusing and Implementing Specialized Assistance for Infection Control 115
5.4 Prominence of Prompt Discrepancy Diagnosis in Infection Control 116
5.5 The Immune System 130
5.6 Conclusion 136
6 Society Strategies in Infectious Diseases 139
Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman, Prashant Singh, Pallavi Jain, Kamlesh Kumari, Bakusele Kabane and Indra Bahadur
6.1 Introduction 140
6.2 Combating Emerging Infections of COVID-19--Strategies and Response Capacities 142
6.3 Candida albicans 145
6.4 Black Fungus 146
6.5 Typhoid 147
6.6 Tuberculosis (TB) 148
6.7 Conclusion 150
7 Nanotheranostic Mechanism against Infectious Diseases 155
Tharani M. and Rajeshkumar S.
7.1 Introduction 156
7.2 Nanomaterials as an Emerging Promising Tool 157
7.3 Nanotheranostics 158
7.4 Infectious Diseases 158
7.5 Drug Delivery Challenges in Infectious Diseases 160
7.6 Nanotheranostic Applications for Treating Infectious Diseases 162
7.7 Diagnostic Imaging Contrast Agents 164
7.8 Advantages of Nanotheranostics for Infectious Diseases 167
7.9 Challenges and Limitations of Nanotheranostics 172
7.10 Conclusion 173
8 Trends in Nano Drug Delivery System for Infectious Diseases 181
Rutuja Shah, Sameer Nadaf, Durgacharan Bhagwat and Shailendra Gurav
8.1 Background of Infectious Diseases 182
8.2 Current Treatments for Infectious Diseases 183
8.3 Drawbacks of Current Treatments 185
8.4 Nanotechnology 187
8.5 Application of Nanotechnology in Treating Infectious Diseases 189
8.6 Future Prospects and Challenges 195
8.7 Conclusion 202
9 Sustainable Nanotechnology and Multidrug Resistance toward the Pathogens of Infectious Diseases 207
Eswara Rao Puppala and Vaskuri G. S. Sainaga Jyothi
9.1 Introduction 208
9.2 Causes and Concerns of MDR 209
9.3 Mechanism of MDR in Pathogens 211
9.4 Nanomaterials Exhibiting Antimicrobial Properties 216
9.5 Nanocarrier-Based Approach to Combat MDR 229
9.6 Conclusion 239
10 Trends in Development of Multidrug Resistance Toward to the Pathogens of Infectious Diseases by Sustainable Nanotechnology 251
Mridula Sreedharan, Sushma Narayanan, Sabu Thomas, Yves Grohens and Nandakumar Kalarikkal
10.1 Introduction 252
10.2 Current Threats in Clinics due to Multidrug Resistance 252
10.3 Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Bacteria 254
10.4 Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Action 257
10.5 Properties of Nanoparticles which Effect Bacterial Growth 259
10.6 Commonly Utilized Metal Nanoparticles 260
10.7 Nanoparticles as Carriers of Antibiotics 261
10.8 Novel Nano Drug Delivery Systems 262
10.9 Challenges and Future Prospects in Using Nanoparticles as Antimicrobials 264
11 Exploration of Biocompatibility and Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases 269
Puvvada Nagaprasad, Basavaiah Chandu and Pravas Kumar Panigrahi
11.1 Introduction 270
11.2 Organic Nanoparticles 270
11.3 Inorganic Nanoparticles 277
11.4 Sustained Systemic Delivery of Anti-Infectives 281
11.5 Nanomaterials Role in Infection Diseases 284
11.6 Treatment for Arthritis Inflammation 295
11.7 Other Viruses 296
11.8 Nanovaccines 298
11.9 Nanoparticles Biodegradation and Elimination 299
11.10 Toxicity 300
11.11 Limitations of Nanoparticles as Therapeutics 301
12 Regulatory Perspectives of Nanomaterials in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Infectious Dental Diseases 311
Harmesh Lal Chouhan, Sakshi Joshi, Shikha Dogra, Rini Chacko, Parika Vaid and Arunima Guru
12.1 Introduction 312
12.2 Nanoparticles Used in Dentistry 313
12.3 Nanotechnology Used for Diagnosis 316
12.4 Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases 317
12.5 Conclusion 322
13 Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide, Carbon Dots, and Its Composites for Infectious Diseases 327
Gangaraju Gedda, Ganesh Gollavelli and Sarojani Kommoju
13.1 Introduction 328
13.2 Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites 329
13.3 Antibacterial Activity 330
13.4 Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots 338
13.5 Antibacterial Activity of CDs 341
13.6 Antifungal Activity of CDs 347
13.7 Antiviral Activity of CDs 349
13.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 352
14 Biosurfactants: Production Methods, Properties and Their Applications in Food Industry 365
Manu Sharma, Aishwarya Rathore, Sheelu Sharma, Veera Sadhu and Kakarla Raghava Reddy
14.1 Introduction 366
14.2 Classification of Biosurfactants 367
14.3 Method of Production of Biosurfactants from Microorganisms 369
14.4 Mechanism of Action 369
14.5 Economics in Production of Biosurfactants 372
14.6 Use of Yeast Over Bacteria 373
14.7 Properties of Biosurfactants Used in the Food Industry 377
14.8 Application of Biosurfactant in the Food Industry 379
14.9 Conclusions 383
15 Nanomaterials of Polymeric Design for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases 393
K. Ganesh Kadiyala, Kommuru Goutham, Naresh Kumar Katari and Yamini Vanipenta
15.1 Introduction 394
15.2 Malaria 396
15.3 Tuberculosis 399
15.4 Cholera 402
15.5 Polymeric Nanomaterial to Treat Pulmonary Infections 404
15.6 Nanoparticles Coated with Polymers to Treat Urinary Tract Infections 405
15.7 HIV 409
15.8 Hepatitis B 411
15.9 COVID-19 413
15.10 Zika Virus 416
15.11 Influenza 419
15.12 Polymeric Nanoparticles for Neuro-Infections 421
15.13 Conclusion and Future Trends 424
References 425
Index 437
