This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.
Table of Contents
PREFACE xiCONTRIBUTORS xiii
PART I PRINCIPLES
1 Introduction to Aerosol Characterization 3
Pramod Kulkarni, Paul A. Baron, and Klaus Willeke
2 Fundamentals of Single Particle Transport 15
Pramod Kulkarni, Paul A. Baron, and Klaus Willeke
3 Physical and Chemical Processes in Aerosol Systems 31
William C. Hinds
4 Size Distribution Characteristics of Aerosols 41
Walter John
5 An Approach to Performing Aerosol Measurements 55
Pramod Kulkarni and Paul A. Baron
PART II TECHNIQUES
6 Aerosol Transport in Sampling Lines and Inlets 69
John E. Brockmann
7 Sampling and Analysis Using Filters 107
Peter C. Raynor, David Leith, K. W. Lee, and R. Mukund
8 Sampling and Measurement Using Inertial, Gravitational, Centrifugal, and Thermal Techniques 129
Virgil A. Marple and Bernard A. Olson
9 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols 153
Paul A. Solomon, Matthew P. Fraser, and Pierre Herckes
10 Microscopy and Microanalysis of Individual Collected Particles 179
Robert A. Fletcher, Nicholas W. M. Ritchie, Ian M. Anderson, and John A. Small
11 Real-Time Particle Analysis by Mass Spectrometry 233
Anthony S. Wexler and Murray V. Johnston
12 Semi-Continuous Mass Measurement 255
Ernest Weingartner, Heinz Burtscher, Christoph Hüglin, and Kensei Ehara
13 Optical Measurement Techniques: Fundamentals and Applications 269
Christopher M. Sorensen, Josef Gebhart, Timothy J. O’Hern, and Daniel J. Rader
14 Real-Time Techniques for Aerodynamic Size Measurement 313
Paul A. Baron, Malay K. Mazumder, Yung-Sung Cheng, and Thomas M. Peters
15 Electrical Mobility Methods for Submicrometer Particle Characterization 339
Richard C. Flagan
16 Instruments and Samplers Based on Diffusional Separation 365
Yung-Sung Cheng
17 Condensation Particle Counters 381
Yung-Sung Cheng
18 Instruments Based on Electrical Detection of Aerosols 393
Suresh Dhaniyala, Martin Fierz, Jorma Keskinen, and Marko Marjamäki
19 Electrodynamic Levitation of Particles 417
E. James Davis
20 Fundamentals of Cone-Jet Electrospray 435
Alessandro Gomez and Weiwei Deng
21 Calibration of Aerosol Instruments 449
Bean T. Chen, Robert A. Fletcher, and Yung-Sung Cheng
22 Size Distribution Data Analysis and Presentation 479
Gurumurthy Ramachandran and Douglas W. Cooper
PART III APPLICATIONS
23 Nonspherical Particle Measurement: Shape Factor, Fractals, and Fibers 509
Pramod Kulkarni, Paul A. Baron, Christopher M. Sorensen, and Martin Harper
24 Biological Particle Sampling 549
Tiina Reponen, Klaus Willeke, Sergey Grinshpun, and Aino Nevalainen
25 Workplace Aerosol Measurement 571
Jon C. Volkwein, Andrew D. Maynard, and Martin Harper
26 Ambient Aerosol Sampling 591
John G. Watson and Judith C. Chow
27 Indoor Aerosol Exposure Assessment 615
Charles E. Rodes
28 Radioactive Aerosols 635
Mark D. Hoover
29 Measurement of Cloud and Aerosol Particles from Aircraft 655
James C. Wilson and Haflidi Jonsson
30 Satellite-Based Measurement of Atmospheric Aerosols 667
Rudolf B. Husar
31 Atmospheric New Particle Formation: Physical and Chemical Measurements 681
Peter H. McMurry, Chongai Kuang, James N. Smith, Jun Zhao, and Fred Eisele
32 Electrical Classification and Condensation Detection of Sub-3-nm Aerosols 697
Juan Fernandez de la Mora
33 High Temperature Aerosols: Measurement and Deposition of Nanoparticle Films 723
Pratim Biswas and Elijah Thimsen
34 Characterization and Measurement of Atmospheric Large Particles (PM > 10 mm) 739
Kenneth E. Noll and Dhesikan Venkatesan
35 Manufacturing of Materials by Aerosol Processes 751
George Skillas, Arkadi Maisels, Sotiris E. Pratsinis, and Toivo T. Kodas
36 Aerosol Measurements in Cleanrooms 771
David S. Ensor and Anne Marie Dixon
37 Sampling Techniques in Inhalation Toxicology 785
Owen R. Moss
38 Factors Governing Pulmonary Response to Inhaled Particulate Matter 793
Vincent Castranova
39 Measurement of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Inhalation Aerosols 805
Anthony J. Hickey and David Swift
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS 821
APPENDIX B: CONVERSION FACTORS 831
APPENDIX C: COMMONLY USED CONSTANTS 833
APPENDIX D: SOME PROPERTIES OF AIR AND WATER 835
APPENDIX E: KEY DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS 837
APPENDIX F: PROPERTIES OF PARTICLES 839
APPENDIX G: GEOMETRIC FORMULAS 841
APPENDIX H: BULK DENSITY OF SOME COMMON AEROSOL MATERIALS 843
APPENDIX I: MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS 845
INDEX 865
